The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in deep eutectic solvents based on quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts

Laleh Bahadori; Ninie Suhana Abdul Manan; Mohammed Harun Chakrabarti; Mohd Ali Hashim; Farouq Sabri Mjalli; Inas Muen Alnashef; Mohd Azlan Hussain; Chee Tong John Low

doi:10.1039/c2cp43077k

The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in deep eutectic solvents based on quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts

Laleh Bahadori, Ninie Suhana Abdul Manan, Mohammed Harun Chakrabarti^*, Mohd Ali Hashim, Farouq Sabri Mjalli, Inas Muen Alnashef, Mohd Azlan Hussain, Chee Tong John Low

^*Corresponding author for this work

Petroleum and Chemical Engineering

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Abstract

The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene (Fc) is investigated in six different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) formed by means of hydrogen bonding between selected ammonium and phosphonium salts with glycerol and ethylene glycol. Combinations of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry are employed to characterise the DESs. The reductive and oxidative potential limits are reported versus the Fc/Fc⁺ couple. The diffusion coefficient, D, of ferrocene in all studied DESs is found to lie between 8.49 × 10 ^-10 and 4.22 × 10^-8 cm² s^-1 (these do not change significantly with concentration). The standard rate constant for heterogeneous electron transfer across the electrode/DES interface is determined to be between 1.68 × 10^-4 and 5.44 × 10^-4 cm s^-1 using cyclic voltammetry. These results are of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other ionic liquids in the literature.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1707-1714
Number of pages	8
Journal	Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics
Volume	15
Issue number	5
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cp43077k
Publication status	Published - Feb 7 2013

ASJC Scopus subject areas

General Physics and Astronomy
Physical and Theoretical Chemistry

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title = "The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in deep eutectic solvents based on quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts",

abstract = "The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene (Fc) is investigated in six different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) formed by means of hydrogen bonding between selected ammonium and phosphonium salts with glycerol and ethylene glycol. Combinations of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry are employed to characterise the DESs. The reductive and oxidative potential limits are reported versus the Fc/Fc+ couple. The diffusion coefficient, D, of ferrocene in all studied DESs is found to lie between 8.49 × 10 -10 and 4.22 × 10-8 cm2 s-1 (these do not change significantly with concentration). The standard rate constant for heterogeneous electron transfer across the electrode/DES interface is determined to be between 1.68 × 10-4 and 5.44 × 10-4 cm s-1 using cyclic voltammetry. These results are of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other ionic liquids in the literature.",

author = "Laleh Bahadori and {Abdul Manan}, {Ninie Suhana} and Chakrabarti, {Mohammed Harun} and Hashim, {Mohd Ali} and Mjalli, {Farouq Sabri} and Alnashef, {Inas Muen} and Hussain, {Mohd Azlan} and Low, {Chee Tong John}",

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T1 - The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in deep eutectic solvents based on quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts

AU - Bahadori, Laleh

AU - Abdul Manan, Ninie Suhana

AU - Chakrabarti, Mohammed Harun

AU - Hashim, Mohd Ali

AU - Mjalli, Farouq Sabri

AU - Alnashef, Inas Muen

AU - Hussain, Mohd Azlan

AU - Low, Chee Tong John

PY - 2013/2/7

Y1 - 2013/2/7

N2 - The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene (Fc) is investigated in six different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) formed by means of hydrogen bonding between selected ammonium and phosphonium salts with glycerol and ethylene glycol. Combinations of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry are employed to characterise the DESs. The reductive and oxidative potential limits are reported versus the Fc/Fc+ couple. The diffusion coefficient, D, of ferrocene in all studied DESs is found to lie between 8.49 × 10 -10 and 4.22 × 10-8 cm2 s-1 (these do not change significantly with concentration). The standard rate constant for heterogeneous electron transfer across the electrode/DES interface is determined to be between 1.68 × 10-4 and 5.44 × 10-4 cm s-1 using cyclic voltammetry. These results are of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other ionic liquids in the literature.

AB - The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene (Fc) is investigated in six different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) formed by means of hydrogen bonding between selected ammonium and phosphonium salts with glycerol and ethylene glycol. Combinations of cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry are employed to characterise the DESs. The reductive and oxidative potential limits are reported versus the Fc/Fc+ couple. The diffusion coefficient, D, of ferrocene in all studied DESs is found to lie between 8.49 × 10 -10 and 4.22 × 10-8 cm2 s-1 (these do not change significantly with concentration). The standard rate constant for heterogeneous electron transfer across the electrode/DES interface is determined to be between 1.68 × 10-4 and 5.44 × 10-4 cm s-1 using cyclic voltammetry. These results are of the same order of magnitude as those reported for other ionic liquids in the literature.

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The electrochemical behaviour of ferrocene in deep eutectic solvents based on quaternary ammonium and phosphonium salts

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