Abstract
Existence of defect levels into the band gap of titanium oxide (TiO2) due to indium (In) doping was investigated by Deep level transition spectroscopy (DLTS), Raman Spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Particularly, two distinct e-beam grown TiO2thin film (TF) samples on Si substrates were doped using In films with thicknesses of 5 nm and 50 nm instantaneous source. It was observed that the increasing in In doping concentration has changed the TiO2crystal structure from anatase to rutile phase. In addition, the low doped Ti/Au/5 nm In/TiO2TF samples showed at −5 V reverse-bias lower leakage current (3.0 × 10−7A) as compared to the highly doped Ti/Au/50 nm In/TiO2TF devices (7.0 × 10−5A). The free carrier concentration was increased from about 1014cm−3to 1015cm−3for 5 nm In/TiO2TF to 50 nm In/TiO2TF devices, respectively. DLTS results have revealed a unique behaviour where a substantial reduction in deep trap concentration was observed in the samples having larger In doping. A PL band around 2.4 eV and 1.9 eV was observed for 5 nm and 50 nm In/TiO2TF samples, respectively A blue shift of photoluminescence (PL) energy peak with the increase of temperature was also observed for both samples and was associated to defect related emissions. Finally, the shallow activation energy was determined from the temperature dependence of PL spectra. It was observed that the activation energy increased from 25 meV for the low In-doped TiO2TF samples to 65 meV for the highly In-doped TiO2TFs.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 883-891 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Journal of Alloys and Compounds |
| Volume | 698 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2017 |
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Keywords
- DLTS
- In doping
- I–V
- PL
- TiO
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Mechanics of Materials
- Mechanical Engineering
- Metals and Alloys
- Materials Chemistry
Cite this
Investigation of defects in indium doped TiO2thin films using electrical and optical techniques. / Al Saqri, Noor Alhuda; Mondal, Aniruddha; Felix, Jorlandio Francisco; Gobato, Yara Galvão; Gordo, Vanessa Orsi; Albalawi, Hind; Jameel, Dler; Alghamdi, Haifa; Al Mashary, Faisal; Taylor, David; Abd El-sadek, Mahmmoud S.; Henini, Mohamed.
In: Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Vol. 698, 2017, p. 883-891.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigation of defects in indium doped TiO2thin films using electrical and optical techniques
AU - Al Saqri, Noor Alhuda
AU - Mondal, Aniruddha
AU - Felix, Jorlandio Francisco
AU - Gobato, Yara Galvão
AU - Gordo, Vanessa Orsi
AU - Albalawi, Hind
AU - Jameel, Dler
AU - Alghamdi, Haifa
AU - Al Mashary, Faisal
AU - Taylor, David
AU - Abd El-sadek, Mahmmoud S.
AU - Henini, Mohamed
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - Existence of defect levels into the band gap of titanium oxide (TiO2) due to indium (In) doping was investigated by Deep level transition spectroscopy (DLTS), Raman Spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Particularly, two distinct e-beam grown TiO2thin film (TF) samples on Si substrates were doped using In films with thicknesses of 5 nm and 50 nm instantaneous source. It was observed that the increasing in In doping concentration has changed the TiO2crystal structure from anatase to rutile phase. In addition, the low doped Ti/Au/5 nm In/TiO2TF samples showed at −5 V reverse-bias lower leakage current (3.0 × 10−7A) as compared to the highly doped Ti/Au/50 nm In/TiO2TF devices (7.0 × 10−5A). The free carrier concentration was increased from about 1014cm−3to 1015cm−3for 5 nm In/TiO2TF to 50 nm In/TiO2TF devices, respectively. DLTS results have revealed a unique behaviour where a substantial reduction in deep trap concentration was observed in the samples having larger In doping. A PL band around 2.4 eV and 1.9 eV was observed for 5 nm and 50 nm In/TiO2TF samples, respectively A blue shift of photoluminescence (PL) energy peak with the increase of temperature was also observed for both samples and was associated to defect related emissions. Finally, the shallow activation energy was determined from the temperature dependence of PL spectra. It was observed that the activation energy increased from 25 meV for the low In-doped TiO2TF samples to 65 meV for the highly In-doped TiO2TFs.
AB - Existence of defect levels into the band gap of titanium oxide (TiO2) due to indium (In) doping was investigated by Deep level transition spectroscopy (DLTS), Raman Spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Particularly, two distinct e-beam grown TiO2thin film (TF) samples on Si substrates were doped using In films with thicknesses of 5 nm and 50 nm instantaneous source. It was observed that the increasing in In doping concentration has changed the TiO2crystal structure from anatase to rutile phase. In addition, the low doped Ti/Au/5 nm In/TiO2TF samples showed at −5 V reverse-bias lower leakage current (3.0 × 10−7A) as compared to the highly doped Ti/Au/50 nm In/TiO2TF devices (7.0 × 10−5A). The free carrier concentration was increased from about 1014cm−3to 1015cm−3for 5 nm In/TiO2TF to 50 nm In/TiO2TF devices, respectively. DLTS results have revealed a unique behaviour where a substantial reduction in deep trap concentration was observed in the samples having larger In doping. A PL band around 2.4 eV and 1.9 eV was observed for 5 nm and 50 nm In/TiO2TF samples, respectively A blue shift of photoluminescence (PL) energy peak with the increase of temperature was also observed for both samples and was associated to defect related emissions. Finally, the shallow activation energy was determined from the temperature dependence of PL spectra. It was observed that the activation energy increased from 25 meV for the low In-doped TiO2TF samples to 65 meV for the highly In-doped TiO2TFs.
KW - DLTS
KW - In doping
KW - I–V
KW - PL
KW - TiO
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85007288325&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85007288325&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.294
DO - 10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.12.294
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85007288325
VL - 698
SP - 883
EP - 891
JO - Journal of Alloys and Compounds
JF - Journal of Alloys and Compounds
SN - 0925-8388
ER -