TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemoprevention of rat mammary carcinogenesis by spirulina
AU - Ouhtit, Allal
AU - Ismail, Mohammed F.
AU - Othman, Amira
AU - Fernando, Augusta
AU - Abdraboh, Mohamed E.
AU - El-Kott, Attalla F.
AU - Azab, Yahia A.
AU - Abdeen, Sherif H.
AU - Gaur, Rajiv L.
AU - Gupta, Ishita
AU - Shanmuganathan, Somya
AU - Al-Farsi, Yahya M.
AU - Al-Riyami, Hamad
AU - Raj, Madhwa H.G.
N1 - Funding Information:
Supported by the Internal Grant Fund ( IG/MED/GENT/12/01 ) and His Majesty's Strategic Fund ( SR/MED/GENT/10/01 ), College of Medicine and Health Sciences , Sultan Qaboos University .
PY - 2014/1
Y1 - 2014/1
N2 - Spirulina (SP) (Arthrospira platensis; previously Spirulina platensis) is a filamentous blue-green microalga (cyanobacterium) with potent dietary phytoantioxidant and anticancerous properties. We investigated the chemopreventive effect of SP against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat breast carcinogenesis, and further studied its underlying mechanisms of action in vitro. Remarkably, SP cleared DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors, which was clearly confirmed by morphological and histological methods. SP supplementation reduced the incidence of breast tumors from 87% to 13%. At the molecular level, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SP supplementation reduced expression of both Ki-67 and estrogen α. More interestingly, molecular analysis in the in vitro experiments indicated that SP treatment inhibited cell proliferation by 24 hours, which was accompanied by increased p53 expression, followed by increased expression of its downstream target gene, Cdkn1a (alias p21 or p21Waf1/Cip1). In addition, SP increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expression, indicating induction of apoptosis by 48 hours after SP treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo chemopreventive effect of SP against DMBA-induced breast carcinogenesis in rat, supporting its potential use in chemoprevention of cancer.
AB - Spirulina (SP) (Arthrospira platensis; previously Spirulina platensis) is a filamentous blue-green microalga (cyanobacterium) with potent dietary phytoantioxidant and anticancerous properties. We investigated the chemopreventive effect of SP against 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced rat breast carcinogenesis, and further studied its underlying mechanisms of action in vitro. Remarkably, SP cleared DMBA-induced rat mammary tumors, which was clearly confirmed by morphological and histological methods. SP supplementation reduced the incidence of breast tumors from 87% to 13%. At the molecular level, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that SP supplementation reduced expression of both Ki-67 and estrogen α. More interestingly, molecular analysis in the in vitro experiments indicated that SP treatment inhibited cell proliferation by 24 hours, which was accompanied by increased p53 expression, followed by increased expression of its downstream target gene, Cdkn1a (alias p21 or p21Waf1/Cip1). In addition, SP increased Bax and decreased Bcl-2 expression, indicating induction of apoptosis by 48 hours after SP treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first report of in vivo chemopreventive effect of SP against DMBA-induced breast carcinogenesis in rat, supporting its potential use in chemoprevention of cancer.
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U2 - 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.025
DO - 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.10.025
M3 - Article
C2 - 24269837
AN - SCOPUS:84890340678
SN - 0002-9440
VL - 184
SP - 296
EP - 303
JO - American Journal of Pathology
JF - American Journal of Pathology
IS - 1
ER -
