Risk factors for hospital-acquired non-catheter-associated urinary tract infection

Background and purpose: Nosocomial urinary tract infection in patients with no Foley catheter [non-catheterassociated urinary tract infection (non-CAUTI)] has been a serious health issue that is associated with an increase in the cost of care, morbidity, and mortality. Identifying the risk factors of non-CAUTI would help determine patients at high risk and prevent complications. This study aims to identify the risk factors of non-CAUTI. Method: This study was conducted in four hospitals in three Middle Eastern countries: Jordan, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. A convenience sample of 189 participants was recruited, of which 83 had non-CAUTI. Case-control design was used. Patients who had non-CAUTI while hospitalized were compared with others who did not. A questionnaire was developed based on the non-CAUTI diagnostic criteria from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The questionnaire contained two parts: Part one included participants' characteristics and part two assessed the symptoms of non-CAUTI. Conclusion: Comorbidity is associated with a higher risk of having nosocomial non-CAUTI among hospitalized patients. This study showed that the diagnosis and management of comorbidity is important in lowering the risk of non-CAUTI in hospitalized patients. Age and antibiotic administration were statistically significant; however, their effects were small and were unlikely to have any clinical significance. Implication for practice: Identifying patients at high risk is imperative to prevent the development of non-CAUTI. Nurse practitioners may implement an early intervention for patients with comorbidity to counteract its effect on patients' health.