Review of the use of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models for wind energy assessment

Wind energy resource assessment applications require accurate wind measurements. Most of the published studies used data from existing weather station network operated by meteorological departments. Due to relatively high cost of weather stations the resolution of the weather station network is coarse for wind energy applications. Typically, meteorological departments install weather stations at specific locations such as airports, ports and areas with high density population. Typically, these locations are avoided during wind farms siting. According to WMO regulations, weather stations provide measurements for different weather elements at specific altitudes such as 2 m for air temperature and 10 m for wind measurements. For wind energy resource assessment applications, minimum of one year of wind measurements is required to build wind climatology for a certain site. Therefore data collected from a certain site cannot be used before one year of operation. Due to these limitations, wind energy resource assessment application needs to use data from different sources. Recently, wind assessment studies were conducted using data generated by Numerical Weather Prediction models. This paper reviews the use of the Numerical Weather Prediction data for wind energy resource assessment. It gives a general overview of NWP models and how they overcome the limitations in the classical wind measurements.