Developing a linear stochastic two-stage data envelopment analysis model for evaluating sustainability of supply chains: a case study in welding industry

The objective of this study is to present a new stochastic two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) model for assessing the sustainability of supply chains. Unlike the conventional DEA models, which consider each decision making unit as a black box, two-stage DEA models consider the intermediate products. The main contribution of the current paper is to develop a two-stage DEA model in centralized context in the presence of stochastic data. The efficacy of the developed approach is shown by a case study.