West nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus are endemic in equids in eastern austria

Phebe de Heus; Jolanta Kolodziejek; Zdenĕk Hubálek; Katharina Dimmel; Victoria Racher; Norbert Nowotny; Jessika M.V. Cavalleri

doi:10.3390/v13091873

West nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus are endemic in equids in eastern austria

Phebe de Heus, Jolanta Kolodziejek, Zdenĕk Hubálek, Katharina Dimmel, Victoria Racher, Norbert Nowotny^*, Jessika M.V. Cavalleri

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immuno-globulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autoch-thonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.

Original language	English
Article number	1873
Journal	Viruses
Volume	13
Issue number	9
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/v13091873
Publication status	Published - Sept 2021
Externally published	Yes

Keywords

Austria
Epidemiology
Flavivirus
Horses
Seroprevalence
Tick-borne encephalitis virus
Usutu virus
West Nile virus

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Infectious Diseases
Virology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/v13091873

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title = "West nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus are endemic in equids in eastern austria",

abstract = "The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immuno-globulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autoch-thonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.",

keywords = "Austria, Epidemiology, Flavivirus, Horses, Seroprevalence, Tick-borne encephalitis virus, Usutu virus, West Nile virus",

author = "{de Heus}, Phebe and Jolanta Kolodziejek and Zdenĕk Hub{\'a}lek and Katharina Dimmel and Victoria Racher and Norbert Nowotny and Cavalleri, {Jessika M.V.}",

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year = "2021",

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AU - de Heus, Phebe

AU - Kolodziejek, Jolanta

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AU - Dimmel, Katharina

AU - Racher, Victoria

AU - Nowotny, Norbert

AU - Cavalleri, Jessika M.V.

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N2 - The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immuno-globulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autoch-thonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.

AB - The emergence of West Nile virus (WNV) and Usutu virus (USUV) in addition to the autochthonous tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in Europe causes rising concern for public and animal health. The first equine case of West Nile neuroinvasive disease in Austria was diagnosed in 2016. As a consequence, a cross-sectional seroprevalence study was conducted in 2017, including 348 equids from eastern Austria. Serum samples reactive by ELISA for either flavivirus immuno-globulin G or M were further analyzed with the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT-80) to identify the specific etiologic agent. Neutralizing antibody prevalences excluding vaccinated equids were found to be 5.3% for WNV, 15.5% for TBEV, 0% for USUV, and 1.2% for WNV from autoch-thonous origin. Additionally, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to detect WNV nucleic acid in horse sera and was found to be negative in all cases. Risk factor analysis did not identify any factors significantly associated with seropositivity.

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KW - Seroprevalence

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West nile virus and tick-borne encephalitis virus are endemic in equids in eastern austria

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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