@article{91ceaa3d1b694949a12ffda03775122e,
title = "Tourists in Antarctica: Numbers and trends",
abstract = "Approximately 39 000 tourists have visited Antarctica since 1957; number sper year are provided. Abrief history of sea and airborne tourism in Antarctica reveals past and current trends. The formation of the International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators and its role in the self-regulated tourism industry in Antarctica are considered, together with the implications of recently-promulgated Antarctic Treaty Recommendation XVI-13. The number of tourists visiting Antarctica is shown to exceed the combined number of scientists and support personnel from all National Antarctic Programs. It is concluded that the ATS provides a suitable framework within which to develop measures to protect Antarctica from tourist activity. However, regulations developed must be based on hard data on the size and impact of the industry to be effectively implemented.",
author = "Enzenbacher, {Debra J.}",
note = "Funding Information: the effectso f tourista ctivityi n Antarctica is Project Antarctic Conservation, an internationali nitiative baseda t the Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge. Supported by the British Antarctic Survey, and involving Chilean and Argentine collaboration, this project has the logistic support and cooperationo f a number of tour operators.T his pilot project, made possible by a grant to Dr Bernard Stonehouse from the World Wide Fund for Nature, startedo n the South Shetland Islands in December 1991. As the start of a multi-year project, researchersp lanned to map and catalogue vegetation, breeding and nestings iteso f wildlife and siteso f historical or archaeologicailn teresta t a site frequently visited by tour parties, to monitor tour party activities with the aim of measuringim pactsa nd developing management guidelines and to survey tourists{\textquoteright} expectations and responses.D ata from this study will be usefult o policy makersa ttemp-ting to understandt he impactsg ener-ated by the commercialt ourist industry in Antarctica.",
year = "1992",
month = jan,
doi = "10.1017/S0032247400020210",
language = "English",
volume = "28",
pages = "17--22",
journal = "Polar Record",
issn = "0032-2474",
publisher = "Cambridge University Press",
number = "164",
}