TY - JOUR
T1 - The role of statins in the differentiation and function of bone cells
AU - Chamani, Sajad
AU - Liberale, Luca
AU - Mobasheri, Leila
AU - Montecucco, Fabrizio
AU - Al-Rasadi, Khalid
AU - Jamialahmadi, Tannaz
AU - Sahebkar, Amirhossein
N1 - © 2021 Stichting European Society for Clinical Investigation Journal Foundation. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - BACKGROUND: Statins are 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors blocking cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatic cells, thereby causing an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors resulting in enhanced uptake and clearance of atherogenic LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. Accordingly, statins decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis and its acute complications, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Besides the LDL-C-lowering impact, statins also have other so-called pleiotropic effects. Among them, the ability to modulate differentiation and function of bone cells and exert direct effects on osteosynthesis factors. Specifically, earlier studies have shown that statins cause in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation.DESIGN: The most relevant papers on the bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins were selected following literature search in databases and were reveiwed.RESULTS: Statins increase the expression of many mediators involved in bone metabolism including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), glucocorticoids, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen and collagenase-1. As a result, they enhance bone formation and improve bone mineral density by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the literature exploring bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins and suggests an anabolic role in the bone tissue for this drug class. Accordingly, current knowledge encourages further clinical trials to assess the therapeutic potential of statins in the treatment of bone disorders, such as arthritis and osteoporosis.
AB - BACKGROUND: Statins are 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors blocking cholesterol biosynthesis in hepatic cells, thereby causing an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors resulting in enhanced uptake and clearance of atherogenic LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from the blood. Accordingly, statins decrease the risk of developing atherosclerosis and its acute complications, such as acute myocardial infarction and ischaemic stroke. Besides the LDL-C-lowering impact, statins also have other so-called pleiotropic effects. Among them, the ability to modulate differentiation and function of bone cells and exert direct effects on osteosynthesis factors. Specifically, earlier studies have shown that statins cause in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation.DESIGN: The most relevant papers on the bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins were selected following literature search in databases and were reveiwed.RESULTS: Statins increase the expression of many mediators involved in bone metabolism including bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), glucocorticoids, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), type I collagen and collagenase-1. As a result, they enhance bone formation and improve bone mineral density by modulating osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.CONCLUSION: This review summarizes the literature exploring bone-related 'pleiotropic' effects of statins and suggests an anabolic role in the bone tissue for this drug class. Accordingly, current knowledge encourages further clinical trials to assess the therapeutic potential of statins in the treatment of bone disorders, such as arthritis and osteoporosis.
U2 - 10.1111/eci.13534
DO - 10.1111/eci.13534
M3 - Review article
C2 - 33656763
SN - 0014-2972
VL - 51
SP - e13534
JO - European Journal of Clinical Investigation
JF - European Journal of Clinical Investigation
IS - 7
ER -