The impact of health care resources, socioeconomic status, and demographics on life expectancy: A cross-country study in three Southeast Asian countries

This study aimed to examine the impact of health care resources, socioeconomic status, and demographic changes on life expectancy in Indonesia, Philippines, and Vietnam. This was a cross-country study to collect annual data (1980-2008) from each target country. Life expectancy was the dependent variable and health care resources, socioeconomic status, and demographics were the 3 main determinants. Structural equation modeling was employed, and the results indicate that the availability of more health care resources (Indonesia: coefficient =.47, P =.008; Philippines: coefficient =.48, P =.017; Vietnam: coefficient =.48, P =.004) and higher levels of socioeconomic advantages (Indonesia: coefficient =.41, P =.014; Vietnam: coefficient =.34, P =.026) are more likely to increase life expectancy. In contrast, demographic changes are more likely to increase life expectancy because of the wide range of health care resources. These findings suggest that more effort, particularly during economic downturns, should be put into removing the barriers that impede access to health care services and increasing preventive care for the population that currently has less access to health care in communities where there is a shortage of medical resources.