TY - JOUR
T1 - The effect of activated charcoal on adenine-induced chronic renal failure in rats
AU - Ali, Badreldin H.
AU - Alza'abi, Mohamed
AU - Ramkumar, Aishwarya
AU - Al-Lawati, Intisar
AU - Waly, Mostafa I.
AU - Beegam, Sumaya
AU - Nemmar, Abderrahim
AU - Brand, Susanne
AU - Schupp, Nicole
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was financially supported by a grant from The Research Council of Oman (RC/Med/Phar/10/01). We thank the staff of the Animal House of SQU for caring for the rats.
PY - 2014/3
Y1 - 2014/3
N2 - Activated charcoal (AC) is a sorbent that has been shown to remove urinary toxins like urea and indoxyl sulfate. Here, the influence of AC on kidney function of rats with experimental chronic renal failure (CRF) is investigated. CRF was induced in rats by feeding adenine (0.75%) for four weeks. As an intervention, AC was added to the feed at concentrations of 10%, 15% or 20%. Adenine treatment impaired kidney function: it lowered creatinine clearance and increased plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and vanin-1. Furthermore, it raised plasma concentrations of the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, phosphate and uric acid. Renal morphology was severely damaged and histopathological markers of inflammation and fibrosis were especially increased. In renal homogenates, antioxidant indices, including superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione were adversely affected. Most of these changes were significantly ameliorated by dietary administration of AC at a concentration of 20%, while effects induced by lower doses of dietary AC on adenine nephrotoxicity were not statistically significant. The results suggest that charcoal is a useful sorbent agent in dietary adenine-induced CRF in rats and that its usability as a nephroprotective agent in human kidney disease should be studied.
AB - Activated charcoal (AC) is a sorbent that has been shown to remove urinary toxins like urea and indoxyl sulfate. Here, the influence of AC on kidney function of rats with experimental chronic renal failure (CRF) is investigated. CRF was induced in rats by feeding adenine (0.75%) for four weeks. As an intervention, AC was added to the feed at concentrations of 10%, 15% or 20%. Adenine treatment impaired kidney function: it lowered creatinine clearance and increased plasma concentrations of creatinine, urea, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and vanin-1. Furthermore, it raised plasma concentrations of the uremic toxins indoxyl sulfate, phosphate and uric acid. Renal morphology was severely damaged and histopathological markers of inflammation and fibrosis were especially increased. In renal homogenates, antioxidant indices, including superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione were adversely affected. Most of these changes were significantly ameliorated by dietary administration of AC at a concentration of 20%, while effects induced by lower doses of dietary AC on adenine nephrotoxicity were not statistically significant. The results suggest that charcoal is a useful sorbent agent in dietary adenine-induced CRF in rats and that its usability as a nephroprotective agent in human kidney disease should be studied.
KW - Activated charcoal
KW - Adenine
KW - Chronic renal failure
KW - Uremic toxins
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84893117489&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84893117489&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.038
DO - 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.038
M3 - Article
C2 - 24412558
AN - SCOPUS:84893117489
SN - 0278-6915
VL - 65
SP - 321
EP - 328
JO - Food and Chemical Toxicology
JF - Food and Chemical Toxicology
ER -