TY - JOUR
T1 - Soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzyme–mediated mineralization potentials of carbon and nitrogen under long-term fertilization (> 30 years) in a rice–rice cropping system
AU - Ashraf, Muhammad Nadeem
AU - Jusheng, Gao
AU - Lei, Wu
AU - Mustafa, Adnan
AU - Waqas, Ahmed
AU - Aziz, Tariq
AU - Khan, Waqas ud Din
AU - Shafeeq-ur-Rehman,
AU - Hussain, Babar
AU - Farooq, Muhammad
AU - Wenju, Zhang
AU - Minggang, Xu
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2021/12
Y1 - 2021/12
N2 - Purpose: Soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzymes are involved in the decomposition of soil organic matter, a temporary nutrient pool for plants. This study was conducted to evaluate the mineralization potentials of carbon (CMP) and nitrogen (NMP), and the relationship of CMP and NMP with microbial biomass and extracellular enzymes in soil fertilized with mineral and manure amendments for 3 decades. Materials and methods: A long-term experiment (37 years) consisted of seven fertilizer treatments, including unfertilized control (CK); nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK); manure (M); manure plus phosphorus and potassium (PKM); nitrogen and potassium plus manure (NKM); nitrogen and phosphorus plus manure (NPM); and NPK plus manure (NPKM), was selected. Results and discussion: Compared to the CK treatment, the long-term mineral fertilizer (NPK) and combined manure plus mineral fertilization (e.g., M, PKM, NKM, NPM, and NPKM) significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) by 58% and 131% and nitrogen (SMBN) by 66% and 161%, respectively. Similarly, soil microbial biomass phosphorus (SMBP) also significantly increased by 67–156% in combined manure and mineral fertilizer treatments than the CK and NPK treatment. Higher values of β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities were observed with the application of PKM. In comparison with CK, the application of combined manure and mineral fertilization significantly increased the leucine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase enzyme by 129% and 175%, respectively. Soil CMP and NMP significantly increased by 231–307% and 176–289% in combined treatments than the CK. A significant positive correlation was also observed between the microbial biomass, extracellular enzymes, and the CMP and NMP (R2 = 0.66–0.84, 0.44–0.76, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study suggested that long-term manure application greatly increased the microbial biomass and enzyme activities, playing an important role in co-mineralization potentials of organic carbon and nitrogen for improving soil fertility.
AB - Purpose: Soil microbial biomass and extracellular enzymes are involved in the decomposition of soil organic matter, a temporary nutrient pool for plants. This study was conducted to evaluate the mineralization potentials of carbon (CMP) and nitrogen (NMP), and the relationship of CMP and NMP with microbial biomass and extracellular enzymes in soil fertilized with mineral and manure amendments for 3 decades. Materials and methods: A long-term experiment (37 years) consisted of seven fertilizer treatments, including unfertilized control (CK); nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK); manure (M); manure plus phosphorus and potassium (PKM); nitrogen and potassium plus manure (NKM); nitrogen and phosphorus plus manure (NPM); and NPK plus manure (NPKM), was selected. Results and discussion: Compared to the CK treatment, the long-term mineral fertilizer (NPK) and combined manure plus mineral fertilization (e.g., M, PKM, NKM, NPM, and NPKM) significantly increased soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) by 58% and 131% and nitrogen (SMBN) by 66% and 161%, respectively. Similarly, soil microbial biomass phosphorus (SMBP) also significantly increased by 67–156% in combined manure and mineral fertilizer treatments than the CK and NPK treatment. Higher values of β-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase activities were observed with the application of PKM. In comparison with CK, the application of combined manure and mineral fertilization significantly increased the leucine aminopeptidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase enzyme by 129% and 175%, respectively. Soil CMP and NMP significantly increased by 231–307% and 176–289% in combined treatments than the CK. A significant positive correlation was also observed between the microbial biomass, extracellular enzymes, and the CMP and NMP (R2 = 0.66–0.84, 0.44–0.76, P < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study suggested that long-term manure application greatly increased the microbial biomass and enzyme activities, playing an important role in co-mineralization potentials of organic carbon and nitrogen for improving soil fertility.
KW - Enzymes
KW - Long-term fertilization
KW - Microbial biomass
KW - Mineralization
KW - Soil fertility
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U2 - 10.1007/s11368-021-03048-0
DO - 10.1007/s11368-021-03048-0
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85112468530
SN - 1439-0108
VL - 21
SP - 3789
EP - 3800
JO - Journal of Soils and Sediments
JF - Journal of Soils and Sediments
IS - 12
ER -