Abstract
Background: There are limited data on short- versus long-term changes in adaptive immune response across different COVID-19 disease severity groups. Methods: A multicenter prospective study of 140 adult patients with COVID-19 (a total of 325 samples) were analyzed for inflammatory markers and lymphocyte subsets at presentation, week 2, and week 24. Results: Inflammatory markers at presentation were higher in the critical/severe than in moderate and mild groups. A predominance of memory B cell response in the mild and moderate group was noted by week 2. In contrast, the immune system in the severe/critical group was dysfunctional, with expansion of exhausted CD8+ T cells and atypical memory B cells. By 24 weeks, there was a possible trend of normalization. Conclusion: There was substantial difference in the degree of inflammation and distribution of different B and T cell subsets in the different disease severity groups. Despite the initial dysfunctional immune response in the severe/critical group, a comparable memory B and CD8+ T cell responses to the mild group was achieved at 24 weeks.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 776-784 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | International Journal of Infectious Diseases |
Volume | 122 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - Sept 1 2022 |
Keywords
- Adaptive immunity
- COVID-19
- Cellular immune response
- Immunology
- T cells
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets
- SARS-CoV-2
- Prospective Studies
- Humans
- Adult
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Microbiology (medical)
- Infectious Diseases