Abstract
Photooxidation (UV radiation) and enhanced photooxidation (UVC/H2O2) are water treatment technologies which remove aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) by photodegradation, producing lower molecular weight components and CO2. Since these technologies are being investigated for the treatment of drinking water, knowledge of the potential toxicity of the photooxidation by-products is vital. The potential toxicity of UVA-, UVB-, UVC-irradiated, and UVC/H2O2-treated aquatic NOM in two spot samples from two Australian reservoirs was analysed in two spot samples using Vibrio fischeri in the MicrotoxTM test, African green monkey kidney cells (AS/NZS 4020:1999), and Daphnia carinata in an acute immobilisation test. Toxicity was not apparent for both the MicrotoxTM procedure and cytotoxicity analyses for the UVC-irradiated and UVC/H2O2-treated NOM samples, while UVA- and UVB-irradiated water samples were non-toxic to D. carinata. In contrast, acute toxicity was observed for UVC- and UVC/H2O2-treated water samples. The observed toxicity was attributed to photooxidative degradation of NOM-metal binding sites, which resulted in the release of bioavailable copper ions, as evidenced by higher concentrations of free copper ions in photooxidised water. As the total copper concentrations of the two raw water samples were well below the Australian Water Quality Guidelines for metals in domestic supplies, the release of copper from photooxidised NOM is unlikely to cause health concerns in these samples.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 3656-3664 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Water Research |
| Volume | 35 |
| Issue number | 15 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2001 |
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Keywords
- Chelex 100
- Cu-ISE
- Cytotoxic activity
- Daphnia carinata
- DTPA
- microtox
- NOM
- Photooxidation
- UVA
- UVB
- UVC
- UVC/HO
- Water treatment
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Earth-Surface Processes
Cite this
Preliminary toxicity assessment of water after treatment with uv-irradiation and UVC/H2O2 . / Parkinson, Adele; Barry, Michael J.; Roddick, Felicity A.; Hobday, Malcolm D.
In: Water Research, Vol. 35, No. 15, 2001, p. 3656-3664.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Preliminary toxicity assessment of water after treatment with uv-irradiation and UVC/H2O2
AU - Parkinson, Adele
AU - Barry, Michael J.
AU - Roddick, Felicity A.
AU - Hobday, Malcolm D.
PY - 2001
Y1 - 2001
N2 - Photooxidation (UV radiation) and enhanced photooxidation (UVC/H2O2) are water treatment technologies which remove aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) by photodegradation, producing lower molecular weight components and CO2. Since these technologies are being investigated for the treatment of drinking water, knowledge of the potential toxicity of the photooxidation by-products is vital. The potential toxicity of UVA-, UVB-, UVC-irradiated, and UVC/H2O2-treated aquatic NOM in two spot samples from two Australian reservoirs was analysed in two spot samples using Vibrio fischeri in the MicrotoxTM test, African green monkey kidney cells (AS/NZS 4020:1999), and Daphnia carinata in an acute immobilisation test. Toxicity was not apparent for both the MicrotoxTM procedure and cytotoxicity analyses for the UVC-irradiated and UVC/H2O2-treated NOM samples, while UVA- and UVB-irradiated water samples were non-toxic to D. carinata. In contrast, acute toxicity was observed for UVC- and UVC/H2O2-treated water samples. The observed toxicity was attributed to photooxidative degradation of NOM-metal binding sites, which resulted in the release of bioavailable copper ions, as evidenced by higher concentrations of free copper ions in photooxidised water. As the total copper concentrations of the two raw water samples were well below the Australian Water Quality Guidelines for metals in domestic supplies, the release of copper from photooxidised NOM is unlikely to cause health concerns in these samples.
AB - Photooxidation (UV radiation) and enhanced photooxidation (UVC/H2O2) are water treatment technologies which remove aquatic natural organic matter (NOM) by photodegradation, producing lower molecular weight components and CO2. Since these technologies are being investigated for the treatment of drinking water, knowledge of the potential toxicity of the photooxidation by-products is vital. The potential toxicity of UVA-, UVB-, UVC-irradiated, and UVC/H2O2-treated aquatic NOM in two spot samples from two Australian reservoirs was analysed in two spot samples using Vibrio fischeri in the MicrotoxTM test, African green monkey kidney cells (AS/NZS 4020:1999), and Daphnia carinata in an acute immobilisation test. Toxicity was not apparent for both the MicrotoxTM procedure and cytotoxicity analyses for the UVC-irradiated and UVC/H2O2-treated NOM samples, while UVA- and UVB-irradiated water samples were non-toxic to D. carinata. In contrast, acute toxicity was observed for UVC- and UVC/H2O2-treated water samples. The observed toxicity was attributed to photooxidative degradation of NOM-metal binding sites, which resulted in the release of bioavailable copper ions, as evidenced by higher concentrations of free copper ions in photooxidised water. As the total copper concentrations of the two raw water samples were well below the Australian Water Quality Guidelines for metals in domestic supplies, the release of copper from photooxidised NOM is unlikely to cause health concerns in these samples.
KW - Chelex 100
KW - Cu-ISE
KW - Cytotoxic activity
KW - Daphnia carinata
KW - DTPA
KW - microtox
KW - NOM
KW - Photooxidation
KW - UVA
KW - UVB
KW - UVC
KW - UVC/HO
KW - Water treatment
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034883275&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0034883275&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00096-3
DO - 10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00096-3
M3 - Article
VL - 35
SP - 3656
EP - 3664
JO - Water Research
JF - Water Research
SN - 0043-1354
IS - 15
ER -