TY - JOUR
T1 - Plasticity of T cell differentiation and cytokine signature
T2 - A double-edged sword for immune responses
AU - Salem, Mohamed Labib
AU - Alenzi, Faris Q.
AU - Nath, Narender
AU - El-Naggar, Sabry A.
AU - Al-Khami, Amir A.
AU - Al-Jabri, Ali A.
AU - Arif, Jamal
AU - El-Nashar, Imam M.
AU - El-Tounsi, Iman
AU - Wyse, Richard K.H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Inmersos en este ambiente reivindicativo, dos jóvenes profesores florentinos, Leonardo Savioli y Leonardo Ricci, convencidos del poder de la contaminación de pensamientos y la complementariedad de las artes, deciden desarrollar desde una perspectiva disidente nuevos métodos de trabajo aprovechando la Universidad como una ocasión óptima para fomentar la creación colectiva y abrir los campos de referencia a experiencias venidas del exterior. Progresivamente van integrando en sus cursos el estudio de las nuevas tecnologías asociadas a los medios de comunicación, el acercamiento a las megaestructuras como experimentos para la transformación utópica de la vida –influenciados por las noticias que llegaban de Londres– y las nuevas ideas de Eco sobre comunicación visual y el concepto de diseñador “semiológicamente consciente”21, imprimiendo también un nuevo sesgo político a sus enseñanzas para diferenciarse del “modelo oficial”. Ambos se convertirán en inspiradores de una docena de arquitectos que algunos años después, conscientes de la crisis que atravesaba la arquitectura y ante la falta de expectativas profesionales22, deciden “vaciar” la disciplina23 para alcanzar un “grado cero” desde el que re-construir un universo formal nuevo24.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - Preventing or curing an immune-mediated disease requires functional immune cells, in particular T cells, including helper (CD4+; Th) and cytotoxic (CD8+; Tc) T cells. Based on the type of the antigen presenting cells, the nature of antigens, and the cytokine milieu, CD4+ T cells exhibit high plasticity to differentiate into different subsets with stimulatory or regulatory functions. For instance, Th cells can differentiate into Th1 and Th2 type cells, which produce inflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ TNF-α, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β) cytokines, respectively. Th cells can also differentiate into a third type of Th cells designated as Th17 type cell that produces IL-17 and mimics the effects of Th1 cells. Similar to Th cells, Tc can differentiate into Tc1, Tc2, and Tc17 subsets that produce cytokine profiles similar to those produced by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, respectively. Under certain condition, Th type cells can also differentiate into a regulatory (Treg) type cell, which produces immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10. Similarly, Th17 and Tc1 type cells can acquire immunoreglatory properties. This article sheds a light on how this T cell plasticity shapes the nature of the immune cell responses to inflammation, infection, and cancer.
AB - Preventing or curing an immune-mediated disease requires functional immune cells, in particular T cells, including helper (CD4+; Th) and cytotoxic (CD8+; Tc) T cells. Based on the type of the antigen presenting cells, the nature of antigens, and the cytokine milieu, CD4+ T cells exhibit high plasticity to differentiate into different subsets with stimulatory or regulatory functions. For instance, Th cells can differentiate into Th1 and Th2 type cells, which produce inflammatory (IL-2, IFN-γ TNF-α, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β) cytokines, respectively. Th cells can also differentiate into a third type of Th cells designated as Th17 type cell that produces IL-17 and mimics the effects of Th1 cells. Similar to Th cells, Tc can differentiate into Tc1, Tc2, and Tc17 subsets that produce cytokine profiles similar to those produced by Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, respectively. Under certain condition, Th type cells can also differentiate into a regulatory (Treg) type cell, which produces immunosuppressive cytokines such as TGF-β and IL-10. Similarly, Th17 and Tc1 type cells can acquire immunoreglatory properties. This article sheds a light on how this T cell plasticity shapes the nature of the immune cell responses to inflammation, infection, and cancer.
KW - Adoptive cell therapy
KW - Autoimmunity
KW - Cancer
KW - Cytokines
KW - Immunity
KW - Inflammation
KW - Regulatory cells
KW - Suppressor T cells
KW - Th1
KW - Th17.
KW - Th2
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=70350033476&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=70350033476&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.2174/187152209789000687
DO - 10.2174/187152209789000687
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:70350033476
SN - 1871-5222
VL - 9
SP - 90
EP - 105
JO - Immunology, Endocrine and Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
JF - Immunology, Endocrine and Metabolic Agents in Medicinal Chemistry
IS - 2
ER -
