Optimized analysis and enhanced thermal efficiency of modified hybrid nanofluid (Al₂O₃, CuO, Cu) with nonlinear thermal radiation and shape features

The thermal characteristics of modified hybrid nanoparticles have been studied between two parallel walls with applications of entropy generation and nonlinear thermal radiation. Three types of nanoparticles namely copper oxide (CuO), copper nanoparticles (Cu) and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) are utilized to thermal determination of heat transfer. The contribution of viscous dissipation and Joule heating is also inspected. Moreover, the shape effects for the three types of nanoparticles are addressed as a novelty. The mathematical model is developed in view of associated laws and thermal properties of modified hybrid nanofluid. The problem is first modeled in terms of partial differential equations for which the similarity variables are followed to convert the system into dimensionless form. The Keller box numerical scheme is used to obtain the solution. The thermo-physical properties of nanoparticles and fluctuation in the heat transfer rate are reported for the flow parameters. The results claimed that the temperature profile enhanced solid volume faction of copper oxide nanoparticles. A lower change in the entropy generation is observed for the solid volume fraction of aluminum oxide and copper nanoparticles.