On the Relationship Between Valence and Arousal in Samples Across the Globe

Michelle Yik; Chiel Mues; Irene N.L. Sze; Peter Kuppens; Francis Tuerlinckx; Kim De Roover; Felity H.C. Kwok; Shalom H. Schwartz; Maher Abu-Hilal; Damilola Fisayo Adebayo; Pilar Aguilar; Muna Al-Bahrani; Marc H. Anderson; Laura Andrade; Denis Bratko; Ekaterina Bushina; Jeong Won Choi; Jan Cieciuch; Vincent Dru; Uwana Evers; Ronald Fischer; Ivonne Andrea Florez; Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir; Aikaterini Gari; Sylvie Graf; Peter Halama; Jamin Halberstadt; Magdalena S. Halim; Renata M. Heilman; Martina Hřebíčková; Johannes Alfons Karl; Goran Knežević; Michal Kohút; Martin Kolnes; Ljiljana B. Lazarević; Nadezhda Lebedeva; Julie Lee; Young Ho Lee; Chunquan Liu; Rasmus Mannerström; Iris Marušić; Florence Nansubuga; Oluyinka Ojedokun; Joonha Park; Tracey Platt; René T. Proyer; Anu Realo; Jean Pierre Rolland; Willibald Ruch; Desiree Ruiz; Florencia M. Sortheix; Alexander Georg Stahlmann; Ana Stojanov; Włodzimierz Strus; Maya Tamir; Cláudio Torres; Angela Trujillo; Thi Khanh Ha Truong; Akira Utsugi; Michele Vecchione; Lei Wang; James A. Russell

doi:10.1037/emo0001095

On the Relationship Between Valence and Arousal in Samples Across the Globe

Michelle Yik^*, Chiel Mues, Irene N.L. Sze, Peter Kuppens, Francis Tuerlinckx, Kim De Roover, Felity H.C. Kwok, Shalom H. Schwartz, Maher Abu-Hilal, Damilola Fisayo Adebayo, Pilar Aguilar, Muna Al-Bahrani, Marc H. Anderson, Laura Andrade, Denis Bratko, Ekaterina Bushina, Jeong Won Choi, Jan Cieciuch, Vincent Dru, Uwana EversRonald Fischer, Ivonne Andrea Florez, Ragna B. Garðarsdóttir, Aikaterini Gari, Sylvie Graf, Peter Halama, Jamin Halberstadt, Magdalena S. Halim, Renata M. Heilman, Martina Hřebíčková, Johannes Alfons Karl, Goran Knežević, Michal Kohút, Martin Kolnes, Ljiljana B. Lazarević, Nadezhda Lebedeva, Julie Lee, Young Ho Lee, Chunquan Liu, Rasmus Mannerström, Iris Marušić, Florence Nansubuga, Oluyinka Ojedokun, Joonha Park, Tracey Platt, René T. Proyer, Anu Realo, Jean Pierre Rolland, Willibald Ruch, Desiree Ruiz, Florencia M. Sortheix, Alexander Georg Stahlmann, Ana Stojanov, Włodzimierz Strus, Maya Tamir, Cláudio Torres, Angela Trujillo, Thi Khanh Ha Truong, Akira Utsugi, Michele Vecchione, Lei Wang, James A. Russell

^*Corresponding author for this work

Psychology

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question–the focus of the present study–is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric Vshaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment (N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature–independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship–were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation

Original language	English
Journal	Emotion
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001095
Publication status	Accepted/In press - 2022

Keywords

Arousal
Culture
Structure of affect
Subjective experience
Valence

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Psychology(all)

Access to Document

10.1037/emo0001095

Cite this

Yik, M., Mues, C., Sze, I. N. L., Kuppens, P., Tuerlinckx, F., De Roover, K., Kwok, F. H. C., Schwartz, S. H., Abu-Hilal, M., Adebayo, D. F., Aguilar, P., Al-Bahrani, M., Anderson, M. H., Andrade, L., Bratko, D., Bushina, E., Choi, J. W., Cieciuch, J., Dru, V., ... Russell, J. A. (Accepted/In press). On the Relationship Between Valence and Arousal in Samples Across the Globe. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001095

Yik, M, Mues, C, Sze, INL, Kuppens, P, Tuerlinckx, F, De Roover, K, Kwok, FHC, Schwartz, SH, Abu-Hilal, M, Adebayo, DF, Aguilar, P, Al-Bahrani, M, Anderson, MH, Andrade, L, Bratko, D, Bushina, E, Choi, JW, Cieciuch, J, Dru, V, Evers, U, Fischer, R, Florez, IA, Garðarsdóttir, RB, Gari, A, Graf, S, Halama, P, Halberstadt, J, Halim, MS, Heilman, RM, Hřebíčková, M, Karl, JA, Knežević, G, Kohút, M, Kolnes, M, Lazarević, LB, Lebedeva, N, Lee, J, Lee, YH, Liu, C, Mannerström, R, Marušić, I, Nansubuga, F, Ojedokun, O, Park, J, Platt, T, Proyer, RT, Realo, A, Rolland, JP, Ruch, W, Ruiz, D, Sortheix, FM, Stahlmann, AG, Stojanov, A, Strus, W, Tamir, M, Torres, C, Trujillo, A, Truong, TKH, Utsugi, A, Vecchione, M, Wang, L & Russell, JA 2022, 'On the Relationship Between Valence and Arousal in Samples Across the Globe', Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001095

@article{6e08b9c147ce4c15814664426340600d,

title = "On the Relationship Between Valence and Arousal in Samples Across the Globe",

abstract = "Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question–the focus of the present study–is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric Vshaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment (N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature–independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship–were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation",

keywords = "Arousal, Culture, Structure of affect, Subjective experience, Valence",

author = "Michelle Yik and Chiel Mues and Sze, {Irene N.L.} and Peter Kuppens and Francis Tuerlinckx and {De Roover}, Kim and Kwok, {Felity H.C.} and Schwartz, {Shalom H.} and Maher Abu-Hilal and Adebayo, {Damilola Fisayo} and Pilar Aguilar and Muna Al-Bahrani and Anderson, {Marc H.} and Laura Andrade and Denis Bratko and Ekaterina Bushina and Choi, {Jeong Won} and Jan Cieciuch and Vincent Dru and Uwana Evers and Ronald Fischer and Florez, {Ivonne Andrea} and Gar{\dh}arsd{\'o}ttir, {Ragna B.} and Aikaterini Gari and Sylvie Graf and Peter Halama and Jamin Halberstadt and Halim, {Magdalena S.} and Heilman, {Renata M.} and Martina H{\v r}eb{\'i}{\v c}kov{\'a} and Karl, {Johannes Alfons} and Goran Kne{\v z}evi{\'c} and Michal Koh{\'u}t and Martin Kolnes and Lazarevi{\'c}, {Ljiljana B.} and Nadezhda Lebedeva and Julie Lee and Lee, {Young Ho} and Chunquan Liu and Rasmus Mannerstr{\"o}m and Iris Maru{\v s}i{\'c} and Florence Nansubuga and Oluyinka Ojedokun and Joonha Park and Tracey Platt and Proyer, {Ren{\'e} T.} and Anu Realo and Rolland, {Jean Pierre} and Willibald Ruch and Desiree Ruiz and Sortheix, {Florencia M.} and Stahlmann, {Alexander Georg} and Ana Stojanov and W{\l}odzimierz Strus and Maya Tamir and Cl{\'a}udio Torres and Angela Trujillo and Truong, {Thi Khanh Ha} and Akira Utsugi and Michele Vecchione and Lei Wang and Russell, {James A.}",

note = "Funding Information: Preparation of the article was facilitated by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council{\textquoteright}s General Research Fund (Projects 16651916 and 16601818) awarded to Michelle Yik. The contributions of Sylvie Graf and Martina Hreb{\'i}ckov{\'a} were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (20-01214S) and the Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO: 68081740). The contributions of Nadezhda Lebedeva and Ekaterina Bushina were supported by the Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF. The contributions of Francis Tuerlinckx and Peter Kuppens were supported by KU Leuven Research Council Grant C14/19/054. The contributions of Anu Realo and Martin Kolnes were supported by institutional research funding (IUT2–13) from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Sciences. These findings were presented as a poster at the 2021 Society for Affective Science Annual Conference.We have no conflicts of interest to disclose Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 American Psychological Association",

year = "2022",

doi = "10.1037/emo0001095",

language = "English",

journal = "Emotion",

issn = "1528-3542",

publisher = "American Psychological Association Inc.",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - On the Relationship Between Valence and Arousal in Samples Across the Globe

AU - Yik, Michelle

AU - Mues, Chiel

AU - Sze, Irene N.L.

AU - Kuppens, Peter

AU - Tuerlinckx, Francis

AU - De Roover, Kim

AU - Kwok, Felity H.C.

AU - Schwartz, Shalom H.

AU - Abu-Hilal, Maher

AU - Adebayo, Damilola Fisayo

AU - Aguilar, Pilar

AU - Al-Bahrani, Muna

AU - Anderson, Marc H.

AU - Andrade, Laura

AU - Bratko, Denis

AU - Bushina, Ekaterina

AU - Choi, Jeong Won

AU - Cieciuch, Jan

AU - Dru, Vincent

AU - Evers, Uwana

AU - Fischer, Ronald

AU - Florez, Ivonne Andrea

AU - Garðarsdóttir, Ragna B.

AU - Gari, Aikaterini

AU - Graf, Sylvie

AU - Halama, Peter

AU - Halberstadt, Jamin

AU - Halim, Magdalena S.

AU - Heilman, Renata M.

AU - Hřebíčková, Martina

AU - Karl, Johannes Alfons

AU - Knežević, Goran

AU - Kohút, Michal

AU - Kolnes, Martin

AU - Lazarević, Ljiljana B.

AU - Lebedeva, Nadezhda

AU - Lee, Julie

AU - Lee, Young Ho

AU - Liu, Chunquan

AU - Mannerström, Rasmus

AU - Marušić, Iris

AU - Nansubuga, Florence

AU - Ojedokun, Oluyinka

AU - Park, Joonha

AU - Platt, Tracey

AU - Proyer, René T.

AU - Realo, Anu

AU - Rolland, Jean Pierre

AU - Ruch, Willibald

AU - Ruiz, Desiree

AU - Sortheix, Florencia M.

AU - Stahlmann, Alexander Georg

AU - Stojanov, Ana

AU - Strus, Włodzimierz

AU - Tamir, Maya

AU - Torres, Cláudio

AU - Trujillo, Angela

AU - Truong, Thi Khanh Ha

AU - Utsugi, Akira

AU - Vecchione, Michele

AU - Wang, Lei

AU - Russell, James A.

N1 - Funding Information: Preparation of the article was facilitated by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council’s General Research Fund (Projects 16651916 and 16601818) awarded to Michelle Yik. The contributions of Sylvie Graf and Martina Hrebícková were supported by the Czech Science Foundation (20-01214S) and the Institute of Psychology, Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO: 68081740). The contributions of Nadezhda Lebedeva and Ekaterina Bushina were supported by the Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF. The contributions of Francis Tuerlinckx and Peter Kuppens were supported by KU Leuven Research Council Grant C14/19/054. The contributions of Anu Realo and Martin Kolnes were supported by institutional research funding (IUT2–13) from the Estonian Ministry of Education and Sciences. These findings were presented as a poster at the 2021 Society for Affective Science Annual Conference.We have no conflicts of interest to disclose Publisher Copyright: © 2022 American Psychological Association

PY - 2022

Y1 - 2022

N2 - Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question–the focus of the present study–is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric Vshaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment (N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature–independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship–were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation

AB - Affect is involved in many psychological phenomena, but a descriptive structure, long sought, has been elusive. Valence and arousal are fundamental, and a key question–the focus of the present study–is the relationship between them. Valence is sometimes thought to be independent of arousal, but, in some studies (representing too few societies in the world) arousal was found to vary with valence. One common finding is that arousal is lowest at neutral valence and increases with both positive and negative valence: a symmetric Vshaped relationship. In the study reported here of self-reported affect during a remembered moment (N = 8,590), we tested the valence-arousal relationship in 33 societies with 25 different languages. The two most common hypotheses in the literature–independence and a symmetric V-shaped relationship–were not supported. With data of all samples pooled, arousal increased with positive but not negative valence. Valence accounted for between 5% (Finland) and 43% (China Beijing) of the variance in arousal. Although there is evidence for a structural relationship between the two, there is also a large amount of variability in this relation

KW - Arousal

KW - Culture

KW - Structure of affect

KW - Subjective experience

KW - Valence

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U2 - 10.1037/emo0001095

DO - 10.1037/emo0001095

M3 - Article

C2 - 35446055

AN - SCOPUS:85130608520

JO - Emotion

JF - Emotion

SN - 1528-3542

ER -

On the Relationship Between Valence and Arousal in Samples Across the Globe

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Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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