Novel grid surface for creating solid-state electrogenerated chemiluminescence sensor based on Ru(II) complex doped onto AuNPs decorated Ru(II)/poly(tyramine) film

A composite surface material based on the electropolymerization of polytyramine (Ptyr) with a compact layer of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) sandwiched between two active layers of Ru(II) luminescent species was developed. The electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reactivity of the fabricated Ru-AuNPs-Ru/Ptyr@Pt solid-sate surface was tested at each phase of surface construction. Integrating the AuNPs layer onto the Ru-Ptyr surface enhanced the reactivity and stability of the sensor. The effect of the substrate surface on the ECL signals was investigated using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and a Pt electrode. The results show a critical role of electrode type in the enhancement of the intensity of ECL signals with tripropylamine (TPA) and chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM). The comparison investigation shows high stability and sensitivity of constructed surface at the Pt electrode for detecting CPM compared with GCE. The reactivity extent of surface materials built on the Pt substrate was 1.5 times higher than that on the GCE substrate. The Ru-AuNPs-Ru-Ptyr@Pt sensor was characterized, optimized, and employed to determine chlorpheniramine metalate (CPM). The proposed sensor showed an excellent linear response for CPM from 0.1 to 16.0 µg/mL with a remarkable detection limit of 18.7 ng/mL (S/N = 3). The analytical performance of the developed ECL sensor was tested for quantification of CPM in real pharmaceutical samples (syrup and tablets) by which the minimum recovery percentage excellently approached 95.3%. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].