TY - JOUR
T1 - Multiple Myeloma
T2 - Challenges Encountered and Future Options for Better Treatment
AU - Das, Srijit
AU - Juliana, Norsham
AU - Yazit, Noor Anisah Abu
AU - Azmani, Sahar
AU - Abu, Izuddin Fahmy
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2022/1/31
Y1 - 2022/1/31
N2 - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease. The disease is character-ized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM accounts for 1.3% of all malignancies and has been increasing in incidence all over the world. Various genetic abnormalities, mutations, and translocation, including epigenetic modifications, are known to con-tribute to the disease’s pathophysiology. The prognosis is good if detected early, or else the outcome is very bad if distant metastasis has already occurred. Conventional treatment with drugs poses a challenge when there is drug resistance. In the present review, we discuss multiple myeloma and its treatment, drug resistance, the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation, the role of natural products in epigenetic regulators, diet, physical activity, addiction, and environmental pollutants, which may be beneficial for clinicians and researchers.
AB - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant hematological disease. The disease is character-ized by the clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. MM accounts for 1.3% of all malignancies and has been increasing in incidence all over the world. Various genetic abnormalities, mutations, and translocation, including epigenetic modifications, are known to con-tribute to the disease’s pathophysiology. The prognosis is good if detected early, or else the outcome is very bad if distant metastasis has already occurred. Conventional treatment with drugs poses a challenge when there is drug resistance. In the present review, we discuss multiple myeloma and its treatment, drug resistance, the molecular basis of epigenetic regulation, the role of natural products in epigenetic regulators, diet, physical activity, addiction, and environmental pollutants, which may be beneficial for clinicians and researchers.
KW - Drug resistance
KW - Epigenetic
KW - Management
KW - Modifications
KW - Multiple myeloma
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UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/a28e77ee-90f4-30e0-8216-40097ccb1ea8/
U2 - 10.3390/ijms23031649
DO - 10.3390/ijms23031649
M3 - Article
C2 - 35163567
AN - SCOPUS:85123709090
SN - 1661-6596
VL - 23
JO - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
JF - International Journal of Molecular Sciences
IS - 3
M1 - 1649
ER -