TY - JOUR
T1 - Measurement of magnetic fields inside single- and double-layer reinforced concrete buildings during simulated lightning currents
AU - Metwally, Ibrahim A.
AU - Zischank, Wolfgang J.
AU - Heidler, Fridolin H.
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received July 22, 2002; revised October 30, 2003. This work was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Bonn, Germany.
PY - 2004/5
Y1 - 2004/5
N2 - This paper presents measurements of the voltages, the magnetic fields and the magnetic-field derivatives inside a structure simulating reinforced concrete buildings. The test structure comprises a cubic cage of 2-m side length with single- or double-layer reinforced grids. The injected lightning currents simulate the positive, the negative first and the negative subsequent return strokes with amplitude of ∼ 77, 16, and 4.8 kA, respectively. Three distinct points of the lightning stroke impact to the structure roof are considered, namely, the center, the mid-edge and the corner. In the case of a single-layer cage, the results reveal that slow-rising magnetic-field components are generated inside the structure for various lightning currents. This effect becomes dominant for the case of the double-layer cage. For all the simulated currents, striking to the structure corner induces the lowest voltage across it, but gives the highest values for both the resultant magnetic fields and the magnetic-field derivatives. For all striking points, the magnetic fields have the highest values for positive strokes, while the negative subsequent strokes give the highest amplitude of the resultant magnetic-field derivatives and roof-to-floor voltages. Compared to the case of a single-layer cage for the negative subsequent strokes, the use of a double-layer cage shows a considerable mitigation of the voltage across the structure, and a moderate mitigation of both the resultant magnetic fields and the magnetic-field derivatives.
AB - This paper presents measurements of the voltages, the magnetic fields and the magnetic-field derivatives inside a structure simulating reinforced concrete buildings. The test structure comprises a cubic cage of 2-m side length with single- or double-layer reinforced grids. The injected lightning currents simulate the positive, the negative first and the negative subsequent return strokes with amplitude of ∼ 77, 16, and 4.8 kA, respectively. Three distinct points of the lightning stroke impact to the structure roof are considered, namely, the center, the mid-edge and the corner. In the case of a single-layer cage, the results reveal that slow-rising magnetic-field components are generated inside the structure for various lightning currents. This effect becomes dominant for the case of the double-layer cage. For all the simulated currents, striking to the structure corner induces the lowest voltage across it, but gives the highest values for both the resultant magnetic fields and the magnetic-field derivatives. For all striking points, the magnetic fields have the highest values for positive strokes, while the negative subsequent strokes give the highest amplitude of the resultant magnetic-field derivatives and roof-to-floor voltages. Compared to the case of a single-layer cage for the negative subsequent strokes, the use of a double-layer cage shows a considerable mitigation of the voltage across the structure, and a moderate mitigation of both the resultant magnetic fields and the magnetic-field derivatives.
KW - Electromagnetic shielding
KW - Induced voltage
KW - Lightning currents
KW - Magnetic field
KW - Reinforced buildings
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U2 - 10.1109/TEMC.2004.826894
DO - 10.1109/TEMC.2004.826894
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:2942640131
SN - 0018-9375
VL - 46
SP - 208
EP - 221
JO - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
JF - IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility
IS - 2
ER -