TY - JOUR
T1 - Lightning transients in low-voltage installations inside different types of class II lightning protection systems
AU - Metwally, Ibrahim A.
AU - Heidler, Fridolin H.
N1 - Funding Information:
The first author would like to thank the Institute EIT 7, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of the Federal Armed Forces, Munich, Germany, for its generous hospitality. He would also like to thank Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany, for supporting this research work.
Funding Information:
Manuscript received December 18, 2007; revised August 06, 2008. Current version published March 25, 2009. This work was supported by in part by Sultan Qaboos University, Oman, and in part by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation, Germany. Paper no. TPWRD-00807-2007.
PY - 2009
Y1 - 2009
N2 - This paper presents a numerical electromagnetic analysis of loop-termination voltages inside an outer lightning protection system (LPS) resulting from direct and indirect lightning strikes. The method of moments is combined with the transmission-line model and employed to model the whole structure in three dimensions and the lightning channel, respectively. Three distinct types of class II LPS are modeled with one- and three single-phase parallel vertical loops of the TN-S system inside the LPS. All cases are simulated by using the negative subsequent stroke current with linear-rising front at lightning-protection level II. The connected equipment at the loop terminals is considered in the offstate to simulate the worst condition. The results reveal that for the three-loop configurations, the middle-loop termination voltages of all floors are always higher than those of the outer loops and the frequency of oscillations of the middle loop is roughly twice that of the outer ones. In addition, the midedge strike case gives higher loop-termination voltages for all floors than those of the corner strike case. For the slender LPS, the effect of the strike location dominates in the case of high surge impedance of the feeder only.
AB - This paper presents a numerical electromagnetic analysis of loop-termination voltages inside an outer lightning protection system (LPS) resulting from direct and indirect lightning strikes. The method of moments is combined with the transmission-line model and employed to model the whole structure in three dimensions and the lightning channel, respectively. Three distinct types of class II LPS are modeled with one- and three single-phase parallel vertical loops of the TN-S system inside the LPS. All cases are simulated by using the negative subsequent stroke current with linear-rising front at lightning-protection level II. The connected equipment at the loop terminals is considered in the offstate to simulate the worst condition. The results reveal that for the three-loop configurations, the middle-loop termination voltages of all floors are always higher than those of the outer loops and the frequency of oscillations of the middle loop is roughly twice that of the outer ones. In addition, the midedge strike case gives higher loop-termination voltages for all floors than those of the corner strike case. For the slender LPS, the effect of the strike location dominates in the case of high surge impedance of the feeder only.
KW - Direct strike
KW - Indirect strike
KW - Lightning protection system
KW - Lightning-induced voltage
KW - Loop termination
KW - Negative subsequent current
KW - Transient analysis
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U2 - 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2014492
DO - 10.1109/TPWRD.2009.2014492
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:67349092820
SN - 0885-8977
VL - 24
SP - 930
EP - 938
JO - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
JF - IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery
IS - 2
ER -