TY - JOUR
T1 - Investigation of Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsion Characteristics Produced by Ultrasonic Homogenizer
AU - Karim, Zainal Ambri Abdul
AU - Tee, Degen
AU - Khan, Mohammed Yahaya
AU - Hagos, Ftwi Yohaness
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank Universiti Tenk ologi PETRONAS for the facility support and inM istry of Higher Education, Malaysia for the financial support through the Fundamental Research raG nt Schem e (FSRG 1/2017/TK07/UTP0/ 2/04).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Authors, published by EDP Sciences.
PY - 2018/11/5
Y1 - 2018/11/5
N2 - Limited studies had been conducted using water-in-diesel emulsion produced from ultrasonic homogenizing method. In this study, Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsions (WiBE) produced using ultrasonic homogenizer were characterized and studied for their physical and chemical properties through various laboratory investigations. The data were then compared with WiBE produced using mechanical homogeniser by the current researchers. Physical characterization tests were carried out on 24 WiBE emulsions produced using an ultrasonic bath, with water percentage of 9%, 12% and 15%, HLB value of 6, 7, 8 and 9, and surfactant dosage of 5% and 10%. The water droplets produced using ultrasonic homogeniser were found to be evenly distributed and generally smaller in size. The density and viscosity values of these emulsions were found to be uniformly larger than WiBE produced using mechanical homogeniser. Emulsions with 15% water exceeded the density threshold, indicating the limits of the amount of water which can be added to the biodiesel fuel. Also, it was found that for viscosity, the HLB is limited to HLB 9 for higher surfactant dosage.
AB - Limited studies had been conducted using water-in-diesel emulsion produced from ultrasonic homogenizing method. In this study, Water-in-Biodiesel Emulsions (WiBE) produced using ultrasonic homogenizer were characterized and studied for their physical and chemical properties through various laboratory investigations. The data were then compared with WiBE produced using mechanical homogeniser by the current researchers. Physical characterization tests were carried out on 24 WiBE emulsions produced using an ultrasonic bath, with water percentage of 9%, 12% and 15%, HLB value of 6, 7, 8 and 9, and surfactant dosage of 5% and 10%. The water droplets produced using ultrasonic homogeniser were found to be evenly distributed and generally smaller in size. The density and viscosity values of these emulsions were found to be uniformly larger than WiBE produced using mechanical homogeniser. Emulsions with 15% water exceeded the density threshold, indicating the limits of the amount of water which can be added to the biodiesel fuel. Also, it was found that for viscosity, the HLB is limited to HLB 9 for higher surfactant dosage.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85056748113&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85056748113&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1051/matecconf/201822501012
DO - 10.1051/matecconf/201822501012
M3 - Conference article
AN - SCOPUS:85056748113
SN - 2261-236X
VL - 225
JO - MATEC Web of Conferences
JF - MATEC Web of Conferences
M1 - 01012
T2 - 2018 UTP-UMP-VIT Symposium on Energy Systems, SES 2018
Y2 - 18 September 2018 through 19 September 2018
ER -