TY - JOUR
T1 - Generation and maintenance of human memory cells during viral infection
AU - Halwani, Rabih
AU - Doroudchi, Mehrnoosh
AU - Yassine-Diab, Bader
AU - Janbazian, Loury
AU - Shi, Yu
AU - Said, Elias A.
AU - Haddad, Elias K.
AU - Sékaly, Rafick Pierre
PY - 2006/11
Y1 - 2006/11
N2 - Long-term maintenance of memory T cell response is the hallmark of immune protection and hence the holy grail of most vaccine development studies. Persistent memory cells, developed after either viral infection or vaccination, ensure the generation of an antiviral response upon reexposure to the pathogen. During acute viral infections, as in the case of measles and influenza viruses, strong T cell effector functions, which eradicate the virus and protect patients against reexposure, are achieved by the generation of persistent protective memory cells. However, in chronic infections, T cells drastically lose effector functions before acquiring a memory phenotype. Chronic infections can be categorized into infections where viremia is controlled and protective memory cells are maintained as in the case of EBV and CMV infections, or where the virus persists and memory cells are exhausted and disrupted as in the case of human immunodeficiency virus infection. In this review, we will discuss the different phenotypical and functional characteristics of memory cells subsets, the importance of the role they play during acute and chronic infections, and the mechanisms behind their effectiveness and persistence.
AB - Long-term maintenance of memory T cell response is the hallmark of immune protection and hence the holy grail of most vaccine development studies. Persistent memory cells, developed after either viral infection or vaccination, ensure the generation of an antiviral response upon reexposure to the pathogen. During acute viral infections, as in the case of measles and influenza viruses, strong T cell effector functions, which eradicate the virus and protect patients against reexposure, are achieved by the generation of persistent protective memory cells. However, in chronic infections, T cells drastically lose effector functions before acquiring a memory phenotype. Chronic infections can be categorized into infections where viremia is controlled and protective memory cells are maintained as in the case of EBV and CMV infections, or where the virus persists and memory cells are exhausted and disrupted as in the case of human immunodeficiency virus infection. In this review, we will discuss the different phenotypical and functional characteristics of memory cells subsets, the importance of the role they play during acute and chronic infections, and the mechanisms behind their effectiveness and persistence.
KW - Acute viral infection
KW - Central memory T cells
KW - Chronic viral infections
KW - Effector memory T cells
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=33751118475&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=33751118475&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00281-006-0027-2
DO - 10.1007/s00281-006-0027-2
M3 - Review article
C2 - 16967292
AN - SCOPUS:33751118475
SN - 0344-4325
VL - 28
SP - 197
EP - 208
JO - Springer Seminars in Immunopathology
JF - Springer Seminars in Immunopathology
IS - 3
ER -