TY - JOUR
T1 - Functionalized biochars
T2 - Synthesis, characterization, and applications for removing trace elements from water
AU - Hamid, Yasir
AU - Liu, Lei
AU - Usman, Muhammad
AU - Naidu, Ravi
AU - Haris, Muhammad
AU - Lin, Qiang
AU - Ulhassan, Zaid
AU - Hussain, M. Iftikhar
AU - Yang, Xiaoe
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China ( #41721001 ; #31872956 ), Zhejiang Science and Technology Bureau , China ( #2018C02029 ), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities , China.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/9/5
Y1 - 2022/9/5
N2 - Biochar (BC) has been recognized as an effective adsorbent to remove trace elements (TEs) from water. However, low surface functionality and small pore size can limit the adsorption ability of pristine biochar. These limitations can be addressed by using functionalized biochars which are developed by physical, chemical, or biological activation of biochar to improve their physico-chemical properties and adsorption efficiency. Despite the large amount of research concerning functionalized biochars in recent decades, to our knowledge, no comprehensive review of this topic has been published. This review focuses solely on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of functionalized/engineered biochars for removing TEs from water. Firstly, we evaluate the synthesis of functionalized biochars by physical, chemical, and biological strategies that yield the desired properties in the final product. The following section describes the characterization of functionalized biochars using various techniques (SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XANES/NEXAFS, XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy). Afterward, the role of functionalized biochars in the adsorption of different TEs from water/wastewater is critically evaluated with an emphasis on the factors affecting sorption efficiency, sorption mechanisms, fate of sorbed TEs from contaminated environments and associated challenges. Finally, we specifically scrutinized the future recommendations and research directions for the application of functionalized biochar. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for the use of functionalized biochar as an emerging environmental material capable of removing TEs from contaminated water/wastewater.
AB - Biochar (BC) has been recognized as an effective adsorbent to remove trace elements (TEs) from water. However, low surface functionality and small pore size can limit the adsorption ability of pristine biochar. These limitations can be addressed by using functionalized biochars which are developed by physical, chemical, or biological activation of biochar to improve their physico-chemical properties and adsorption efficiency. Despite the large amount of research concerning functionalized biochars in recent decades, to our knowledge, no comprehensive review of this topic has been published. This review focuses solely on the synthesis, characterization, and applications of functionalized/engineered biochars for removing TEs from water. Firstly, we evaluate the synthesis of functionalized biochars by physical, chemical, and biological strategies that yield the desired properties in the final product. The following section describes the characterization of functionalized biochars using various techniques (SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, XANES/NEXAFS, XPS, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy). Afterward, the role of functionalized biochars in the adsorption of different TEs from water/wastewater is critically evaluated with an emphasis on the factors affecting sorption efficiency, sorption mechanisms, fate of sorbed TEs from contaminated environments and associated challenges. Finally, we specifically scrutinized the future recommendations and research directions for the application of functionalized biochar. This review serves as a comprehensive resource for the use of functionalized biochar as an emerging environmental material capable of removing TEs from contaminated water/wastewater.
KW - Functional biochar
KW - Remediation
KW - Sorption
KW - Trace elements
KW - Water and wastewater treatment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129337
DO - 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129337
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35714538
AN - SCOPUS:85131964251
SN - 0304-3894
VL - 437
JO - Journal of Hazardous Materials
JF - Journal of Hazardous Materials
M1 - 129337
ER -