Determining expected startups of generating units by frequency and duration approach

This paper describes how to estimate the expected number of starts of generating units in a power system using the frequency and duration approach. The information is useful both for independent power producers as well as to utility evaluating dispatchability features in competitive bidding. The information can also be used for determining a suitable loading order position for the unit with restriction on the number of starts. The method can be employed to find out the burden imposed, in terms of increase in number of starts of thermal units, by integrating intermittent resources such as wind power plants into the power system.