Cyclotrimerization approach to unnatural structural modifications of pancratistatin and other amaryllidaceae constituents - Synthesis and biological evaluation

The phenanthridone core of pancratistatin lacking all aromatic oxygenation was prepared by cyclotrimerization of acetylene-containing scaffolds 30 and 41, reflecting the natural and the C-1 epi configuration, respectively, of the amino inositol moiety. The cobalt-catalyzed formation of the aromatic core led to bisTMS derivatives 39 and 48, as well as bisacetyl derivative 51. The effectiveness of cyclotrimerization of the natural or trans series was compared with that of the cis series. In addition, the yields of cyclotrimerization were compared for propargylic amines and propargylic amides. Eleven derivatives, including the fully hydroxylated phenantridone 39, were tested against seven cancer cell lines. Three of the compounds displayed activities only an order of magnitude less than those of 7-deoxypancratistatin. Full experimental and spectral details are provided for all key compounds and future projections for the preparation of unnatural analogs of Amaryllidaceae constituents are advanced, along with some new insight into the minimum pharmacophore of pancratistatin.