Bioactive compounds from Tribulus Terrestris L. (zygophyllaceae)

This chapter discusses the role of bioactive compounds from Tribulus terrestris L. (Zygophyllaceae) (TT) in disease prevention and treatment. Tribulus terrestris is gaining popularity in the media because it is projected as libido enhancer, treats male sexual dysfunction, gives stamina and confidence to perform. A large number of research papers have been published on this plant and there is a need to critically review, analyze and summarize the literature to draw a line between myth and reality. Since ancient times Tribulus terrestris has been used in the Indian and Chinese traditional medicine to treat hypertension, premature ejaculation, erectile dysfunction, vitiligo, and kidney and eye problems. It has anti-urolithiatic, diuretic, antiacetylcholine, aphrodisiac properties and can stimulate spermatogenesis and libido. The phytochemistry of the extract reveals the presence of alkaloids, steroidal saponins, furostanol saponins, flavonoid glycosides which impart the medicinal properties to this plant. The research papers published until 2010 on Tribulus terrestris are thoroughly reviewed and summerized under the following captions: Botany, Phytochemisty, the effects on hypertension, hormones, oxalate metabolism, endocrine sensitive organs, androgen receptors, diuretic and contractile effects, its use as an aphrodisiac, protective agent in diabetes, use as a nutritional supplement, its anti cancer activity, anti microbial activity, analgesic, anthelmintic properties and its side effects. In each section emphasis is laid on identifying the bioactive compound, its specific use and the mode of action.