TY - JOUR
T1 - Atmospheric carbon removal via industrial biochar systems
T2 - A techno-economic-environmental study
AU - Fawzy, Samer
AU - Osman, Ahmed I.
AU - Mehta, Neha
AU - Moran, Donal
AU - Al-Muhtaseb, Ala'a H.
AU - Rooney, David W.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to acknowledge the support of The Bryden Centre project (Project ID VA5048 ). The Bryden Centre project is supported by the European Union's INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB) . Furthermore, the authors wish to acknowledge the support of Miguel Angel Martinez, representing Islonias S.L. in Spain, for their consulting role.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/10/15
Y1 - 2022/10/15
N2 - It is critical to develop carbon removal projects that are both effective and financially viable. Herein, we investigated the carbon removal potential of an industrial biochar system in Spain. This study is the first to assess the techno-economic-environmental impact of large-scale olive tree pruning residue pyrolysis for atmospheric carbon removal, using an integrated assessment framework that is based on current market dynamics. Production optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out, aiming to maximize yield, production throughput and stable carbon content while prioritizing stability. It was determined that optimized biochar production was attained at 650 °C and 15 min residence time. Furthermore, a biochar plant with a biomass processing capacity of 6.5 tonnes-per-hour was designed for further analysis. A thermodynamic model was developed using Advanced System for Process Engineering (ASPEN Plus) software, and the process was determined to be self-sufficient with the availability of surplus energy. Moreover, a life cycle assessment (cradle-to-grave) revealed that approximately 2.68 tCO2e are permanently removed from the atmosphere per tonne of biochar produced, after accounting for the carbon footprint of the entire process. This corresponds to a carbon removal capacity of 3.26 tCO2e per hour and the removal of approximately 24,450 tCO2e annually. The economic assessment revealed that the project is profitable; however, profitability is sensitive to pricing of the carbon removal service and biochar. A project internal rate of return (IRR) of 22.35% is achieved at a price combination of EUR 110/tonne CO2e removal and EUR 350/tonne biochar, and a feedstock cost of 45 EUR/tonne (delivered with 20% moisture content), where service and product pricing are both within the lower bound of market pricing. If the project was exclusively designed to offer a carbon removal service, a minimum price of EUR 206/tonne CO2e removal is required to achieve project profitability, based on the same feedstock cost. The findings of this study demonstrate the viability of immediately deploying large-scale biochar-based carbon removal via pyrolytic conversion of olive tree pruning residues to address the climate crisis.
AB - It is critical to develop carbon removal projects that are both effective and financially viable. Herein, we investigated the carbon removal potential of an industrial biochar system in Spain. This study is the first to assess the techno-economic-environmental impact of large-scale olive tree pruning residue pyrolysis for atmospheric carbon removal, using an integrated assessment framework that is based on current market dynamics. Production optimization using response surface methodology (RSM) was carried out, aiming to maximize yield, production throughput and stable carbon content while prioritizing stability. It was determined that optimized biochar production was attained at 650 °C and 15 min residence time. Furthermore, a biochar plant with a biomass processing capacity of 6.5 tonnes-per-hour was designed for further analysis. A thermodynamic model was developed using Advanced System for Process Engineering (ASPEN Plus) software, and the process was determined to be self-sufficient with the availability of surplus energy. Moreover, a life cycle assessment (cradle-to-grave) revealed that approximately 2.68 tCO2e are permanently removed from the atmosphere per tonne of biochar produced, after accounting for the carbon footprint of the entire process. This corresponds to a carbon removal capacity of 3.26 tCO2e per hour and the removal of approximately 24,450 tCO2e annually. The economic assessment revealed that the project is profitable; however, profitability is sensitive to pricing of the carbon removal service and biochar. A project internal rate of return (IRR) of 22.35% is achieved at a price combination of EUR 110/tonne CO2e removal and EUR 350/tonne biochar, and a feedstock cost of 45 EUR/tonne (delivered with 20% moisture content), where service and product pricing are both within the lower bound of market pricing. If the project was exclusively designed to offer a carbon removal service, a minimum price of EUR 206/tonne CO2e removal is required to achieve project profitability, based on the same feedstock cost. The findings of this study demonstrate the viability of immediately deploying large-scale biochar-based carbon removal via pyrolytic conversion of olive tree pruning residues to address the climate crisis.
KW - Biochar
KW - Carbon removal
KW - Climate change
KW - Life cycle analysis
KW - Process modelling
KW - Techno-economic-environmental assessment
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U2 - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133660
DO - 10.1016/j.jclepro.2022.133660
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85136472632
SN - 0959-6526
VL - 371
JO - Journal of Cleaner Production
JF - Journal of Cleaner Production
M1 - 133660
ER -