Ameliorating plant salt stress through bacterial inoculation: Prospects and challenges

Soil salinity stress has dramatically upset the fertile lands and subsequently applies a vast effect on the agricultural crop production. The salt stress has contrary influences for the plant enhancement and finally resulting in reduction of crop yields. The plants hold specific mechanism for salt stress extenuation like stimulate hormones, ionic exchange, several enzymes, and initiation of plant signaling for their metabolic and genetic edges that reduce the salt stress. In addition to the plant intrinsic appliances, several plant growth-promoting bacteria have specific mechanism which performs significant part for the stress tolerance and crop growth promotion. These microbes enhance plants to produce various plant growth hormones including auxin, cytokinine, and gibberellin as well as instable toxic compounds. Furthermore, microbes could perform a vital role in relation to their properties like saline tolerant, genetic diversity, fusion of soil solutes and hormone production, biocontrol ability, and plant interface. Consequently, exploiting the above discussed unique properties of microbes can be a cost effective strategy in reducing salinity stress that could be utilized and implemented for salinity amelioration.