TY - JOUR
T1 - Acute respiratory and systemic toxicity of pulmonary exposure to rutile Fe-doped TiO2 nanorods
AU - Nemmar, Abderrahim
AU - Melghit, Khaled
AU - Al-Salam, Suhail
AU - Zia, Shaheen
AU - Dhanasekaran, Subramanian
AU - Attoub, Samir
AU - Al-Amri, Issa
AU - Ali, Badreldin H.
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors wish to thank Mrs. Khouloud Arafat, Dept. of Pharmacology, FMHS, UAEU, for her excellent technical help. This work was supported by funds of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences grant and individual grant, United Arab Emirates University .
PY - 2011/1/11
Y1 - 2011/1/11
N2 - Nanomaterials are extensively used in medicines, industry and daily life, but little is known about their possible health effects. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nonmaterial-based photocatalysis is useful in the complete mineralization of organic pollutants in waste water and air. While the Fe-doping of TiO2 enhances their photocatalytic activity, their potential pathophysiologic effects are unknown. Here, rutile Fe-doped (9%) pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods were prepared and characterized. Subsequently, we assessed the acute (24h) pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects of intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of these nanorods (1 and 5mg/kg) in Wistar rats. In the bronchoalveolar lavage, the treatment induced a significant and dose-dependent increase of neutrophils, an increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6, at 5mg/kg), and caused a dose-dependent-decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The lung sections of rats exposed to rutile Fe-TiO2 nanorods showed infiltration of inflammatory cells in dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, plasma IL-6, and leukocyte and platelet numbers were increased at 5mg/kg. The plasma SOD and reduced glutathaione activities were dose-dependently decreased after exposure to the nanorods. Histopathologically, the liver showed mild inflammatory cells infiltration of few portal tracts, but the kidneys and heart were unaffected. In plasma, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and hepatic enzymes, i.e., alanine aminotranferease and aspartate aminotransferase were increased significantly. The in vitro exposure of human lung cancer cells NCI-H460-Luc2 and human hepatoma cells HepG2 to FeTiO2 (6.25-100μg/ml) dose-dependently reduced cellular viability. Also, the In vitro direct addition of these nanorods (0.1-1μg/ml) to untreated rat blood, significantly and dose-dependently induced platelet aggregation. In conclusion, exposure to rutile Fe-TiO2 promotes pulmonary and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. It affects the liver, enhances thrombotic potential, heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the rutile Fe-TiO2 elicited direct toxicity on NCI-H460-Luc2 and HepG2 cells.
AB - Nanomaterials are extensively used in medicines, industry and daily life, but little is known about their possible health effects. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nonmaterial-based photocatalysis is useful in the complete mineralization of organic pollutants in waste water and air. While the Fe-doping of TiO2 enhances their photocatalytic activity, their potential pathophysiologic effects are unknown. Here, rutile Fe-doped (9%) pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanorods were prepared and characterized. Subsequently, we assessed the acute (24h) pulmonary and extrapulmonary effects of intratracheal (i.t.) instillation of these nanorods (1 and 5mg/kg) in Wistar rats. In the bronchoalveolar lavage, the treatment induced a significant and dose-dependent increase of neutrophils, an increase of interleukin-6 (IL-6, at 5mg/kg), and caused a dose-dependent-decrease of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. The lung sections of rats exposed to rutile Fe-TiO2 nanorods showed infiltration of inflammatory cells in dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the heart rate, systolic blood pressure, plasma IL-6, and leukocyte and platelet numbers were increased at 5mg/kg. The plasma SOD and reduced glutathaione activities were dose-dependently decreased after exposure to the nanorods. Histopathologically, the liver showed mild inflammatory cells infiltration of few portal tracts, but the kidneys and heart were unaffected. In plasma, the levels of lactate dehydrogenase and hepatic enzymes, i.e., alanine aminotranferease and aspartate aminotransferase were increased significantly. The in vitro exposure of human lung cancer cells NCI-H460-Luc2 and human hepatoma cells HepG2 to FeTiO2 (6.25-100μg/ml) dose-dependently reduced cellular viability. Also, the In vitro direct addition of these nanorods (0.1-1μg/ml) to untreated rat blood, significantly and dose-dependently induced platelet aggregation. In conclusion, exposure to rutile Fe-TiO2 promotes pulmonary and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. It affects the liver, enhances thrombotic potential, heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Moreover, the rutile Fe-TiO2 elicited direct toxicity on NCI-H460-Luc2 and HepG2 cells.
KW - Cell lines
KW - Liver
KW - Lung
KW - Nanoparticulate
KW - Nanotechnology
KW - Toxicity
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U2 - 10.1016/j.tox.2010.10.007
DO - 10.1016/j.tox.2010.10.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 21073913
AN - SCOPUS:78649993929
SN - 0300-483X
VL - 279
SP - 167
EP - 175
JO - Toxicology
JF - Toxicology
IS - 1-3
ER -