A solid-state sensor based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/ poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) modified electrode: Characterization and applications

Emad A. Khudaish; Mohammed M. Al-Hinaai; Salim H. Al-Harthi

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.017

A solid-state sensor based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/ poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) modified electrode: Characterization and applications

Emad A. Khudaish^*, Mohammed M. Al-Hinaai, Salim H. Al-Harthi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

A solid-state sensor based on poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) film deposited at glassy carbon electrode doped with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex (Padpa/Ru/GCE) was constructed electrochemically. The surface morphology of the film modified electrode was characterized using electrochemical and surface scanning techniques. A redox property represented by [Ru(bpy)₃] ^3+/2+ couple immobilized at the Padpa moiety was characterized using typical voltammetric techniques. The XPS data demonstrated the existence of (N) bonding responsible for polymer formation while the degree of polymerization is reduced by the presence of components containing chloride ions, specifically (NH₃⁺Cl^-) which is expected to rule the linkage of Padpa with Ru-complexes. The AFM image reveals a broken and fused Padpa/Ru fiber structure compared to a relatively uniform Padpa film. Parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, surface concentration, roughness and energy dissipation were estimated. Primarily, the modified electrode was applied as an environmental sensor for the simultaneous determination of Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions in water samples. The detection limits for these metal ions were dropped to 122.5, 21.7, 9.8 and 28.0 ppb, respectively.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	478-487
Number of pages	10
Journal	Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical
Volume	185
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.017
Publication status	Published - 2013

Keywords

4-Aminodiphenylamine
Electropolymerization
Heavy metals
Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Instrumentation
Condensed Matter Physics
Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Metals and Alloys
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Materials Chemistry

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10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.017

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title = "A solid-state sensor based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/ poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) modified electrode: Characterization and applications",

abstract = "A solid-state sensor based on poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) film deposited at glassy carbon electrode doped with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex (Padpa/Ru/GCE) was constructed electrochemically. The surface morphology of the film modified electrode was characterized using electrochemical and surface scanning techniques. A redox property represented by [Ru(bpy)3] 3+/2+ couple immobilized at the Padpa moiety was characterized using typical voltammetric techniques. The XPS data demonstrated the existence of (N) bonding responsible for polymer formation while the degree of polymerization is reduced by the presence of components containing chloride ions, specifically (NH3+Cl-) which is expected to rule the linkage of Padpa with Ru-complexes. The AFM image reveals a broken and fused Padpa/Ru fiber structure compared to a relatively uniform Padpa film. Parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, surface concentration, roughness and energy dissipation were estimated. Primarily, the modified electrode was applied as an environmental sensor for the simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in water samples. The detection limits for these metal ions were dropped to 122.5, 21.7, 9.8 and 28.0 ppb, respectively.",

keywords = "4-Aminodiphenylamine, Electropolymerization, Heavy metals, Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)",

author = "Khudaish, {Emad A.} and Al-Hinaai, {Mohammed M.} and Al-Harthi, {Salim H.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to thank The Research Council (TRC) , Sultanate of Oman for supporting this work by the research grant numbers (RC/SCI/CHEM/11/01). ",

year = "2013",

doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2013.05.017",

language = "English",

volume = "185",

pages = "478--487",

journal = "Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical",

issn = "0925-4005",

publisher = "Elsevier",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - A solid-state sensor based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/ poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) modified electrode

T2 - Characterization and applications

AU - Khudaish, Emad A.

AU - Al-Hinaai, Mohammed M.

AU - Al-Harthi, Salim H.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to thank The Research Council (TRC) , Sultanate of Oman for supporting this work by the research grant numbers (RC/SCI/CHEM/11/01).

PY - 2013

Y1 - 2013

N2 - A solid-state sensor based on poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) film deposited at glassy carbon electrode doped with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex (Padpa/Ru/GCE) was constructed electrochemically. The surface morphology of the film modified electrode was characterized using electrochemical and surface scanning techniques. A redox property represented by [Ru(bpy)3] 3+/2+ couple immobilized at the Padpa moiety was characterized using typical voltammetric techniques. The XPS data demonstrated the existence of (N) bonding responsible for polymer formation while the degree of polymerization is reduced by the presence of components containing chloride ions, specifically (NH3+Cl-) which is expected to rule the linkage of Padpa with Ru-complexes. The AFM image reveals a broken and fused Padpa/Ru fiber structure compared to a relatively uniform Padpa film. Parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, surface concentration, roughness and energy dissipation were estimated. Primarily, the modified electrode was applied as an environmental sensor for the simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in water samples. The detection limits for these metal ions were dropped to 122.5, 21.7, 9.8 and 28.0 ppb, respectively.

AB - A solid-state sensor based on poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) film deposited at glassy carbon electrode doped with tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II) complex (Padpa/Ru/GCE) was constructed electrochemically. The surface morphology of the film modified electrode was characterized using electrochemical and surface scanning techniques. A redox property represented by [Ru(bpy)3] 3+/2+ couple immobilized at the Padpa moiety was characterized using typical voltammetric techniques. The XPS data demonstrated the existence of (N) bonding responsible for polymer formation while the degree of polymerization is reduced by the presence of components containing chloride ions, specifically (NH3+Cl-) which is expected to rule the linkage of Padpa with Ru-complexes. The AFM image reveals a broken and fused Padpa/Ru fiber structure compared to a relatively uniform Padpa film. Parameters such as electron transfer coefficient, surface concentration, roughness and energy dissipation were estimated. Primarily, the modified electrode was applied as an environmental sensor for the simultaneous determination of Zn2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+ ions in water samples. The detection limits for these metal ions were dropped to 122.5, 21.7, 9.8 and 28.0 ppb, respectively.

KW - 4-Aminodiphenylamine

KW - Electropolymerization

KW - Heavy metals

KW - Tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) ruthenium(II)

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JO - Sensors and Actuators, B: Chemical

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ER -

A solid-state sensor based on tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)ruthenium(II)/ poly(4-aminodiphenylamine) modified electrode: Characterization and applications

Abstract

Keywords

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