A solid organic acid catalyst for the pretreatment of low-grade crude palm Oil and biodiesel production

Adeeb Hayyan; Farouq S. Mjalli; Mohd Ali Hashim; Maan Hayyan; Inas M. Alnashef; Talal Al-Wahaibi; Yahya M. Al-Wahaibi

doi:10.1080/15435075.2013.770397

A solid organic acid catalyst for the pretreatment of low-grade crude palm Oil and biodiesel production

Adeeb Hayyan, Farouq S. Mjalli^*, Mohd Ali Hashim, Maan Hayyan, Inas M. Alnashef, Talal Al-Wahaibi, Yahya M. Al-Wahaibi

^*Corresponding author for this work

Petroleum and Chemical Engineering

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

16 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Industrial low-grade crude palm oil (LGCPO) generated from industrial palm oil mills must be pretreated before utilizing it as a biodiesel raw material. The pretreatment of LGCPO was conducted using benzenesulfonic acid (BZSA) as solid organic acid catalyst. Batch pretreatment of LGCPO was carried out to study the influence of BZSA dosage (0.25 - 3.5% wt/wt), methanol molar ratio to LGCPO (4:1 - 20:1), temperature (40 - 80°C), and reaction time (3 - 150 min). The effects of those parameters on the free fatty acid content, and the yield of pretreated LGCPO were reported. This study illustrated the feasibility of using LGCPO from palm oil mills to produce biodiesel. The biodiesel produced from LGCPO meets the international standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). Three times recycling of BZSA was achieved without appreciable degradation in its activity. This study introduces a possible batch esterification process using BZSA followed by an alkaline transesterification reaction for a possible future industrial application.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	129-140
Number of pages	12
Journal	International Journal of Green Energy
Volume	11
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1080/15435075.2013.770397
Publication status	Published - Feb 7 2014

Keywords

Benzenesulfonic acid
Esterification
Free fatty acids
Low-grade crude palm oil

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1080/15435075.2013.770397

Cite this

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title = "A solid organic acid catalyst for the pretreatment of low-grade crude palm Oil and biodiesel production",

abstract = "Industrial low-grade crude palm oil (LGCPO) generated from industrial palm oil mills must be pretreated before utilizing it as a biodiesel raw material. The pretreatment of LGCPO was conducted using benzenesulfonic acid (BZSA) as solid organic acid catalyst. Batch pretreatment of LGCPO was carried out to study the influence of BZSA dosage (0.25 - 3.5% wt/wt), methanol molar ratio to LGCPO (4:1 - 20:1), temperature (40 - 80°C), and reaction time (3 - 150 min). The effects of those parameters on the free fatty acid content, and the yield of pretreated LGCPO were reported. This study illustrated the feasibility of using LGCPO from palm oil mills to produce biodiesel. The biodiesel produced from LGCPO meets the international standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). Three times recycling of BZSA was achieved without appreciable degradation in its activity. This study introduces a possible batch esterification process using BZSA followed by an alkaline transesterification reaction for a possible future industrial application.",

keywords = "Benzenesulfonic acid, Esterification, Free fatty acids, Low-grade crude palm oil",

author = "Adeeb Hayyan and Mjalli, {Farouq S.} and Hashim, {Mohd Ali} and Maan Hayyan and Alnashef, {Inas M.} and Talal Al-Wahaibi and Al-Wahaibi, {Yahya M.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like express their thanks to the University of Malaya HIR-MOHE (D000003-16001), Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), the Bright Sparks Program at the University of Malaya and to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Saudia Arabia through project No. RGP-VPP-108, and to Sultan Qaboos University, for their support to this research.",

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AU - Hayyan, Adeeb

AU - Mjalli, Farouq S.

AU - Hashim, Mohd Ali

AU - Hayyan, Maan

AU - Alnashef, Inas M.

AU - Al-Wahaibi, Talal

AU - Al-Wahaibi, Yahya M.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like express their thanks to the University of Malaya HIR-MOHE (D000003-16001), Centre for Ionic Liquids (UMCiL), the Bright Sparks Program at the University of Malaya and to the Deanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University, Saudia Arabia through project No. RGP-VPP-108, and to Sultan Qaboos University, for their support to this research.

PY - 2014/2/7

Y1 - 2014/2/7

N2 - Industrial low-grade crude palm oil (LGCPO) generated from industrial palm oil mills must be pretreated before utilizing it as a biodiesel raw material. The pretreatment of LGCPO was conducted using benzenesulfonic acid (BZSA) as solid organic acid catalyst. Batch pretreatment of LGCPO was carried out to study the influence of BZSA dosage (0.25 - 3.5% wt/wt), methanol molar ratio to LGCPO (4:1 - 20:1), temperature (40 - 80°C), and reaction time (3 - 150 min). The effects of those parameters on the free fatty acid content, and the yield of pretreated LGCPO were reported. This study illustrated the feasibility of using LGCPO from palm oil mills to produce biodiesel. The biodiesel produced from LGCPO meets the international standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). Three times recycling of BZSA was achieved without appreciable degradation in its activity. This study introduces a possible batch esterification process using BZSA followed by an alkaline transesterification reaction for a possible future industrial application.

AB - Industrial low-grade crude palm oil (LGCPO) generated from industrial palm oil mills must be pretreated before utilizing it as a biodiesel raw material. The pretreatment of LGCPO was conducted using benzenesulfonic acid (BZSA) as solid organic acid catalyst. Batch pretreatment of LGCPO was carried out to study the influence of BZSA dosage (0.25 - 3.5% wt/wt), methanol molar ratio to LGCPO (4:1 - 20:1), temperature (40 - 80°C), and reaction time (3 - 150 min). The effects of those parameters on the free fatty acid content, and the yield of pretreated LGCPO were reported. This study illustrated the feasibility of using LGCPO from palm oil mills to produce biodiesel. The biodiesel produced from LGCPO meets the international standards (ASTM D6751 and EN 14214). Three times recycling of BZSA was achieved without appreciable degradation in its activity. This study introduces a possible batch esterification process using BZSA followed by an alkaline transesterification reaction for a possible future industrial application.

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KW - Esterification

KW - Free fatty acids

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A solid organic acid catalyst for the pretreatment of low-grade crude palm Oil and biodiesel production

Abstract

Keywords

ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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