TY - JOUR
T1 - Unstable malaria in Sudan
T2 - The influence of the dry season. Plasmodium falciparum population in the unstable malaria area of eastern Sudan is stable and genetically complex
AU - Babiker, Hamza A.
N1 - Funding Information:
Acknowledgements The work described here would not have been possible witl-out the continuing co-operation of the villagers of Asar, the malaria research group of the Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, the malaria administration of the Sudanese Ministry of Health, the malaria committee in Gedaref, and the staff of Gedaref hospital. I thank the following for their help and co-operation: David Walliker, Lisa Ranford-Cartwright, Thor Theander, Gwiria Satti, David Arnot, Jana McBride, Lars Hviid and Abdel-Muhsin A. Abdel-Muhsin. This work was supported by the UK Medical Research Council, the Wellcome Trust (Research Development Award in Tropical Medicine to H.B.) and the Danish International Development Agency (DANIDA).
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - This paper reviews surveys carried out, over a period of 6 years between 1989 and 1995, to examine Plasmodium falciparum population structure in Asar village in eastern Sudan, an area of unstable malaria, the incidence of which is confined to a few weeks following the short: rainy season (June-October). The first phase of the study involved regular cross sectional surveys, between 1989 and 1993 during the seasons of malaria incidence, while the second involved surveys during the malaria-free months of the dry seasons. The parasites were examined for 20 polymorphic loci, including enzyme electrophoretic variants, proteins detected by 2 dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies, and in vitro responses to antimalarial drugs. In addition, alleles of the polymorphic genes for merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (MSP-1, MSP-2) were examined using the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probes. Great genetic complexity was observed among the parasites which appeared during the short transmission seasons. A large proportion of the patients who were infected during the transmission season maintained asymptomatic, subpatent parasitaemias throughout the subsequent dry season, often as genetically complex infections.
AB - This paper reviews surveys carried out, over a period of 6 years between 1989 and 1995, to examine Plasmodium falciparum population structure in Asar village in eastern Sudan, an area of unstable malaria, the incidence of which is confined to a few weeks following the short: rainy season (June-October). The first phase of the study involved regular cross sectional surveys, between 1989 and 1993 during the seasons of malaria incidence, while the second involved surveys during the malaria-free months of the dry seasons. The parasites were examined for 20 polymorphic loci, including enzyme electrophoretic variants, proteins detected by 2 dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies, and in vitro responses to antimalarial drugs. In addition, alleles of the polymorphic genes for merozoite surface proteins 1 and 2 (MSP-1, MSP-2) were examined using the polymerase chain reaction and oligonucleotide probes. Great genetic complexity was observed among the parasites which appeared during the short transmission seasons. A large proportion of the patients who were infected during the transmission season maintained asymptomatic, subpatent parasitaemias throughout the subsequent dry season, often as genetically complex infections.
KW - Genetics
KW - Malaria
KW - Msp1 gene
KW - Msp2 gene
KW - Plasmodium falciparum
KW - Population structure
KW - Sudan
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U2 - 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90774-X
DO - 10.1016/S0035-9203(98)90774-X
M3 - Article
C2 - 10326096
AN - SCOPUS:0032413089
SN - 0035-9203
VL - 92
SP - 585
EP - 589
JO - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
JF - Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
IS - 6
ER -