TBR: Tree-based routing over a 3D grid for underwater wireless sensor networks

The paper presents a tree-based routing approach for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSN). The proposed approach uses pre-constructed shortest-path trees in a virtual 3D grid topology to obtain routing paths between source and sink nodes in the UWSN. Due to the availability of these pre-constructed shortest-path trees connecting the occupied cells of the 3D grid, the proposed protocol offers higher routing path stability compared to other protocols that rely on costly reactive mechanisms for path establishment and maintenance.