Synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes, copper and silver nanoparticles as an efficient electrochemical sensor for the trace recognition of amlodipine besylate drug

The electrochemically functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes/copper nanoparticles (fMWCNT/CuNPs) carbon paste electrode (fMWCNT/CuNPs-CPE) was successfully modified by silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) via electrocatalytic process. The formation of modified electrode (AgNPs/fMWCNT/Cu NP-CPE) was observed by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques. The as-prepared electrodes were explored for the trace recognition of calcium channel blocker drug amlodipine besylate (ADB) using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements. Kinetic parameters like electron transfer coefficient (α), charge due to adsorption (Q_ads), surface coverage (Γ), charge transfer coefficient (R_ct), and apparent electron-transfer rate constant (k_app) for the designed electrodes were evaluated. The nanoparticles based electrochemical sensor displayed high sensitivity, good selectivity and favorable catalytic ability for the oxidation of amlodipine besylate. The fabricated electrodes showed good reproducibility and stability towards the determination of anti-hypertensive drug ADB.