TY - JOUR
T1 - Pyrolysis Kinetic Modeling of a Poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) Encapsulant Found in Waste Photovoltaic Modules
AU - Farrell, Charlie
AU - Osman, Ahmed I.
AU - Harrison, John
AU - Vennard, Ashlene
AU - Murphy, Adrian
AU - Doherty, Rory
AU - Russell, Mark
AU - Kumaravel, Vignesh
AU - Al-Muhtaseb, Ala’a H.
AU - Zhang, Xiaolei
AU - Abu-Dahrieh, Jehad K.
AU - Rooney, David W.
N1 - Funding Information:
C.F. and A.O. wish to acknowledge the support of South West College and all the Renewable Engine Project partners. The authors are grateful to the School of Natural and Built Environment at Queen’s University Belfast (QUB) for the use of the TGA apparatus. This work was funded by the Renewable Engine Project (Project ID IVA5033) and the Bryden Centre (Project ID VA5048), which are supported by the European Union’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB), with match funding provided by the Department for the Economy (Northern Ireland) and Department of Enterprise, Trade and Employment (Republic of Ireland). The authors would like to thank Mr. Conaill Doherty and Mrs. Barbara Farrell, who assisted in proofreading this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society
PY - 2021/9/22
Y1 - 2021/9/22
N2 - As the global cumulative installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) devices grows every year, a proportionate number of waste PV modules arises because of their limited lifespan. It is estimated that by 2050, there will be approximately 60-78 million tonnes of PV waste (Farrell, C.; Osman, A. I.; Zhang, X. et al.Sci Rep. 2019, 9, 5267). These modules are bound in a strong encapsulated laminate that is prone to imminent degradation. Subsequently, a form of treatment is required to remove a problematic polymeric material such as the encapsulant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) in order to recycle. Pyrolysis is an ideal option that facilitates clean delamination by removing the polymer fraction, and it does not promote chemical oxidation to any of the constituents left behind after pyrolysis. To date, there are limited studies on the pyrolysis of EVA found in PV modules, resulting in significant gaps in the knowledge of pyrolysis kinetic parameters. This work aims to investigate the pyrolysis reaction kinetics concerning the EVA encapsulant found in end-of-life (EoL) crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV modules. The thermoanalytical technique employed was thermogravimetric analysis, which was carried out at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 5 °C min-1to ensure accuracy and high resolution while analyzing the kinetics. The kinetic triplet was determined and reported for the first time using the Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions (AKTS) Thermokinetics software. The main kinetic modeling method employed was the Friedman differential isoconversional method. Other conventional kinetic modeling approaches were also used, such as the integral (Ozawa) and ASTM-E698 methods for comparison of apparent activation energy. It was observed that the activation energy values for each method were 167.66-260.00, 259.70, and 167.00-252.65 kJ mol-1for EVA pyrolysis. Additionally, isothermal, nonisothermal, and step-based predictions were reported for the first time using the thermokinetics package. Furthermore, pyrolysis of EVA can have a triple role in the successful delamination of PV modules, recovery of additional constituents, and aiding of waste management of this problematic polymer.
AB - As the global cumulative installation of solar photovoltaic (PV) devices grows every year, a proportionate number of waste PV modules arises because of their limited lifespan. It is estimated that by 2050, there will be approximately 60-78 million tonnes of PV waste (Farrell, C.; Osman, A. I.; Zhang, X. et al.Sci Rep. 2019, 9, 5267). These modules are bound in a strong encapsulated laminate that is prone to imminent degradation. Subsequently, a form of treatment is required to remove a problematic polymeric material such as the encapsulant poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) in order to recycle. Pyrolysis is an ideal option that facilitates clean delamination by removing the polymer fraction, and it does not promote chemical oxidation to any of the constituents left behind after pyrolysis. To date, there are limited studies on the pyrolysis of EVA found in PV modules, resulting in significant gaps in the knowledge of pyrolysis kinetic parameters. This work aims to investigate the pyrolysis reaction kinetics concerning the EVA encapsulant found in end-of-life (EoL) crystalline silicon (c-Si) PV modules. The thermoanalytical technique employed was thermogravimetric analysis, which was carried out at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 5 °C min-1to ensure accuracy and high resolution while analyzing the kinetics. The kinetic triplet was determined and reported for the first time using the Advanced Kinetics and Technology Solutions (AKTS) Thermokinetics software. The main kinetic modeling method employed was the Friedman differential isoconversional method. Other conventional kinetic modeling approaches were also used, such as the integral (Ozawa) and ASTM-E698 methods for comparison of apparent activation energy. It was observed that the activation energy values for each method were 167.66-260.00, 259.70, and 167.00-252.65 kJ mol-1for EVA pyrolysis. Additionally, isothermal, nonisothermal, and step-based predictions were reported for the first time using the thermokinetics package. Furthermore, pyrolysis of EVA can have a triple role in the successful delamination of PV modules, recovery of additional constituents, and aiding of waste management of this problematic polymer.
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U2 - 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01989
DO - 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c01989
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85115656342
SN - 0888-5885
VL - 60
SP - 13492
EP - 13504
JO - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research
JF - Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research
IS - 37
ER -