Prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in jordan and its association with under-five mortality: A population-based analysis: a population-based analysis

Background: Low birth weight (< 2.5 kg) is an important indicator of health and development of infants throughout their life.

Aims: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for low birth weight in Jordan and its association with under-5 mortality.

Methods: In this secondary analysis, data were extracted from the 2012 Jordan Population and Family Health Survey for 9734 live births born in the 5 years preceding the survey and for which birth weight was reported. Data were collected on child and maternal characteristics. Multivariable regression analysis was used to determine the significant risk factors for low birth weight and mortality.

Results: Of the 9734 births analysed, 13.8% were low birth weight and 1.3% were very low birth weight. Mother's age (< 30 and ≥ 35 years), education (less than higher education), birth interval (< 24 months and first birth), unplanned pregnancy, household wealth status (poorest and richest), consanguinity, residence (central and south regions of Jordan), female sex, birth order (1 and ≥ 6), twin birth and maternal smoking during pregnancy were significant risk factors for low birth weight. The risk of death under 5 years of age was 4.8 times higher in children with low birth weight than children with normal birth weight.

Conclusions: The high rate of low birth weight and its increasing rate in Jordan is a challenge for public health. Preventing low birth weight neonates and increasing their survival need to be prioritized in the national health strategy. Special care needs to be taken for the high-risk groups identified in this study.