Optimization of an inverted multi-stage double slope solar still: An environmentally friendly system for seawater purification

Many people who live in remote coastal areas face a critical shortage of fresh water because they have a limited access to natural water resources. However, various proven technologies are available today that could solve this problem. Among them, the solar still can be preferred for providing potable water because it is simple and has no negative effect on the environment. In this study, the productivity of the double slope multi-stage basin solar still was optimized to enhance its efficiency. Materials were selected based on fresh water productivity factors for the double slope multi-stage solar still and fabricated according to a specified design. Results indicated that the inverted multi-stage double slope solar still system was identified as the ideal design. The most important parameters considered were seawater depth, mirror inversion vs. non-inversion, TDS, EC, and pH. Atmospheric temperature was found to influence water productivity. The maximum productivity was 1.80 L m ^–2 d ^–1 with a 2-cm depth of seawater using an inverted mirror.