TY - JOUR
T1 - Optimal lowest astronomical tide estimation using maximum likelihood estimator with multiple ocean models hybridization
AU - El-Diasty, Mohammed
N1 - Funding Information:
Therefore, with few centimeters level of uncertainties associated with the optimal LAT model d5.e Cveolnocpleudsioinn tahnisd pRaepcoermbmaesenddaotnionthe MLE method with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization, the overall uncertainties of the continuous vertical chart datum could be significantly In this paper, the optimal LAT model was developed using the MLE method with multiple reduced and fulfill all hydrographic surveying orders requirements provided by the International hydrodynamic ocean model hybridization that combined four hydrodynamic ocean models Hydrographic Organization (IHO). Moreover, the developed optimal LAT model could fulfill many (WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, and EOT11a models) and provided LAT values associated with maritime applications requirements that need a few centimeters for the level of accuracy. uncertainty at every grid node of the ocean model in the Red Sea study area. It was found that the optimal hybrid LAT model could be achieved with a maximum uncertainty of 3 cm and about 2.4 cm of uncertainty estimated at a 95% confidence level in the Red Sea case study area. To validate the accuracy of the developed model, the comparison was made between the optimal hybrid LAT model developed from multiple hydrodynamic ocean model hybridization using the MLE method with the individual LAT model estimated from individual ocean models using individual WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, or EOT11a ocean models based on the associated uncertainties. It was found that the hybrid optimal LAT model estimated from multiple ocean models was superior to the individual LAT models estimated from individual ocean models with about with about a 50% improvement in average based on the estimated uncertainties at a 95% confidence level. The importance of the development of an optimal LAT model with a high accuracy is that it can be utilized by the hydrographers to develop an accurate vertical control for hydrographic survey applications and can also be utilized by mariners to produce accurate dynamic electronic navigation charts within the Red Sea area. Finally, it is recommended to utilize the MLE method for developing an optimal LAT surface model for an accurate continuous chart datum development where several centimeters level uncertaintiesof accuracy is requirat a 95%ed. confidence level. The importance of the development of an optimal LAT model with a high accuracy is that it can be utilized by the hydrographers to develop an accurate vertical control for hydrographic survey applications and can also be utilized by mariners to produce accurate University, Jeddah, under grant No. D-195-980-1441. The author, therefore, gratefully acknowledge DSR dynamic electronic navigation charts within the Red Sea area. Finally, it is recommended to utilize the technical and financial support. MLE method for developing an optimal LAT surface model for an accurate continuous chart datum development where several centimeters level of accuracy is required. Conflicts of Interest: Page: 11 Acknowledgments:The authors declare noThisconfliprojectct ofwasinterestfunded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant No. D-195-980-1441. The author, therefore, gratefully acknowledge DSR technical andReferencesfinancial support. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest 1. Dodd, D.; Mills-Usa, J. Ellipsoidally Referenced Surveys Separation Models. FIG Working Week, Rome, Italy, 6-10 May 2012.
Funding Information:
This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, under grant No. D-195-980-1441. The author, therefore, gratefully acknowledge DSR technical and financial support.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the author.
PY - 2020/5
Y1 - 2020/5
N2 - Developing an accurate Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) in a continuous form is essential for many maritime applications as it can be employed to develop an accurate continuous vertical control datum for hydrographic surveys applications and to produce accurate dynamic electronic navigation charts for safe maritime navigation by mariners. The LAT can be developed in a continuous (surface) using an estimated LAT surface model from the hydrodynamic ocean model along with coastal discrete LAT point values derived from tide gauges data sets to provide the corrected LAT surface model. In this paper, an accurate LAT surface model was developed for the Red Sea case study using a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization, namely, WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, and EOT11a models. It was found that the developed optimal hybrid LAT model using MLE with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization ranges from 0.1 m to 1.63 m, associated with about 2.4 cm of uncertainty at a 95% confidence level in the Red Sea case study area. To validate the accuracy of the developed model, the comparison was made between the optimal hybrid LAT model developed from multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization using the MLE method with the individual LAT models estimated from individual WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, or EOT11a ocean models based on the associated uncertainties estimated at a 95% confidence level. It was found that the optimal hybrid LAT model accuracy is superior to the individual LAT models estimated from individual ocean models with an improvement of about 50% in average, based on the estimated uncertainties. The importance of developing optimal LAT surface model using the MLE method with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization in this paper with few centimeters level of uncertainty can lead to accurate continuous vertical datum estimation that is essential for many maritime applications.
AB - Developing an accurate Lowest Astronomical Tide (LAT) in a continuous form is essential for many maritime applications as it can be employed to develop an accurate continuous vertical control datum for hydrographic surveys applications and to produce accurate dynamic electronic navigation charts for safe maritime navigation by mariners. The LAT can be developed in a continuous (surface) using an estimated LAT surface model from the hydrodynamic ocean model along with coastal discrete LAT point values derived from tide gauges data sets to provide the corrected LAT surface model. In this paper, an accurate LAT surface model was developed for the Red Sea case study using a Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization, namely, WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, and EOT11a models. It was found that the developed optimal hybrid LAT model using MLE with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization ranges from 0.1 m to 1.63 m, associated with about 2.4 cm of uncertainty at a 95% confidence level in the Red Sea case study area. To validate the accuracy of the developed model, the comparison was made between the optimal hybrid LAT model developed from multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization using the MLE method with the individual LAT models estimated from individual WebTide, FES2014, DTU10, or EOT11a ocean models based on the associated uncertainties estimated at a 95% confidence level. It was found that the optimal hybrid LAT model accuracy is superior to the individual LAT models estimated from individual ocean models with an improvement of about 50% in average, based on the estimated uncertainties. The importance of developing optimal LAT surface model using the MLE method with multiple hydrodynamic ocean models hybridization in this paper with few centimeters level of uncertainty can lead to accurate continuous vertical datum estimation that is essential for many maritime applications.
KW - Hybrid model
KW - LAT
KW - MLE
KW - Ocean
KW - Red sea
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U2 - 10.3390/ijgi9050327
DO - 10.3390/ijgi9050327
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85085701646
SN - 2220-9964
VL - 9
JO - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
JF - ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
IS - 5
M1 - 327
ER -