Forced convection of Al₂O₃, Fe₃O₄, ND-Fe₃O₄, and (MWCNT-Fe₃O₄) mixtures in rectangular channels: Experimental and numerical results

Due to the growing needs of super coolant for industrial applications, in this article, we investigate experimentally as well as numerically the possible best heat transfer fluid. In this respect, we considered three nanofluids mixtures of Al₂O₃/water (concentrations of 0.2%vol and 0.3%vol) and 0.2%vol Fe₃O₄/water and 0.2%vol ND-Fe₃O₄/water, and a hybrid fluid of 0.3%vol MWCNT-Fe₃O₄ in water. First, we experiment with forced convection in three porous channels using two concentrations of 0.2 and 0.3%vol of Al₂O₃ nanofluid, respectively. We validated the experimental results with the numerically simulated data and confirmed satisfactory agreement among them. Second, using the numerical code, we predicted the performance of 0.2%vol Fe₃O₄ nanofluid, 0.2%vol (ND-Fe₃O₄) nanofluid, and a hybrid fluid of 0.3%vol (MWCNT(26%)-Fe₃O₄(74%)) for heat extraction. With such configuration, the usefulness of using the proposed nanofluid and hybrid fluid enlarge the knowledge for heat enhancement. Our experimental results show that 0.2%vol Al₂O₃ efficiently transfers heat compared to the 0.3%vol Al₂O₃. The simulated results show that 0.2%vol Fe₃O₄ nanofluid is the best fluid for heat extraction among the experimentally and numerically studied fluids.