TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced production of biodiesel by Rhodosporidium toruloides using waste office paper hydrolysate as feedstock
T2 - Optimization and characterization
AU - Nair, Anu Sadasivan
AU - Sivakumar, Nallusamy
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Research Council (TRC), Oman, for the financial support (ORG/EBR/14/003). The authors are also thankful to Shareef F. Al-Hashemi, Chemistry department, College of Science, and the Central Analytical and Applied Research Unit (CAARU), SQU, for GC analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2022/11/1
Y1 - 2022/11/1
N2 - Environmental issues caused by fossil fuel and its rapid depletion demand the need to produce biofuel from renewable energy resources. The disposal of waste paper in landfills causes air pollution and contaminates groundwater. Hence, exploiting paper waste as a renewable resource for microbial lipid production can solve these environmental issues in a greener way. Further, these microbial lipids are a reliable source for biodiesel production. In this study, waste office paper was utilized as a substrate to produce microbial lipids through fermentation by the oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides, using a biorefinery approach. The production conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken design; a fermentation time of 116.16 h, a C/N ratio of 60, and an inoculum concentration of 9.67% yielded a biomass of 10.55 g/L and a lipid yield of 6.13 g/L with a total lipid content of 58%. The major lipids produced were oleic acid (42%), palmitic acid (36%), stearic acid (9.8%), and myristic acid (8%), which clearly indicates the suitability of the lipids produced by R. toruloides for biodiesel production. The predicted biodiesel properties of the transesterified product met the international standard specifications. Hence, utilizing waste office paper for biodiesel production will be an effective way of mitigating the environmental pollution caused by waste paper and the harvesting of fossil fuels.
AB - Environmental issues caused by fossil fuel and its rapid depletion demand the need to produce biofuel from renewable energy resources. The disposal of waste paper in landfills causes air pollution and contaminates groundwater. Hence, exploiting paper waste as a renewable resource for microbial lipid production can solve these environmental issues in a greener way. Further, these microbial lipids are a reliable source for biodiesel production. In this study, waste office paper was utilized as a substrate to produce microbial lipids through fermentation by the oleaginous yeast, Rhodosporidium toruloides, using a biorefinery approach. The production conditions were optimized using the Box-Behnken design; a fermentation time of 116.16 h, a C/N ratio of 60, and an inoculum concentration of 9.67% yielded a biomass of 10.55 g/L and a lipid yield of 6.13 g/L with a total lipid content of 58%. The major lipids produced were oleic acid (42%), palmitic acid (36%), stearic acid (9.8%), and myristic acid (8%), which clearly indicates the suitability of the lipids produced by R. toruloides for biodiesel production. The predicted biodiesel properties of the transesterified product met the international standard specifications. Hence, utilizing waste office paper for biodiesel production will be an effective way of mitigating the environmental pollution caused by waste paper and the harvesting of fossil fuels.
KW - Biodiesel
KW - Box-Behnken design
KW - Lipid profile
KW - Optimization
KW - Rhodosporidium toruloides
KW - Waste office paper
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U2 - 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125174
DO - 10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125174
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85134540125
SN - 0016-2361
VL - 327
JO - Fuel
JF - Fuel
M1 - 125174
ER -