TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of dietary replacement of urea with encapsulated nitrate and cashew nut shell liquid on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance, and carcass characteristics in growing lambs
AU - El-Zaiat, H. M.
AU - Araujo, R. C.
AU - Louvandini, H.
AU - Patiño, H. O.
AU - Abdalla, A. L.
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was supported by theNational Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/Brazil) and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS/Italy). Funding for this study was partially provided by GRASP Ind. & Com. LTDA (Curitiba, Brazil). The authors would also like to thank Prof. Selene Maia de Morais (Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil) for performing HPLC cashew nut shell liquid analysis. Also, we kindly thank Dr. A.S. Morsy and Y.A. Soltan for laboratory assistance. The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Eugene Johnson (Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman) for his tremendous assistance with language editing.
Funding Information:
This study was supported by the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq/Brazil) and The World Academy of Sciences (TWAS/Italy) . Funding for this study was partially provided by GRASP Ind. & Com. LTDA (Curitiba, Brazil) . The authors would also like to thank Prof. Selene Maia de Morais (Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil) for performing HPLC cashew nut shell liquid analysis. Also, we kindly thank Dr. A.S. Morsy and Y.A. Soltan for laboratory assistance. The authors would like to acknowledge Prof. Eugene Johnson (Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman) for his tremendous assistance with language editing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2020/8
Y1 - 2020/8
N2 - Nitrate (NO3¯) salts can be used as an alternative to urea in ruminant diets. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of using encapsulated nitrate (EN) alone or combined with cashew nut shell liquid (EN + CNSL) to replace urea (UR) on intake and nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, microbial nitrogen (MN) supply, carcass attributes, and meat quality of growing lambs. Eighteen Santa Inês male lambs (36.2 ± 5 kg of body weight; mean ± SD) were allocated individually to metabolic crates and fed a backgrounding diet with a 60:40 concentrate to forage ratio for 92 days. Lambs were assigned to a randomized complete block design with 6 blocks and 3 experimental diets: UR, 15 g urea/kg dry matter (DM); EN replacing UR at 45.1 g/kg DM; and EN + CNSL replacing UR at 45.1 g/kg DM. After finishing the digestibility and N balance trials, all lambs were fasted for 18 h, weighed, and then slaughtered. The dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. The addition of EN or EN + CNSL tended to increase urinary NO3¯ excretion (P = 0.056) and NO2¯ excretion (P < 0.001). Compared to the UR diet, lambs fed EN or EN + CNSL diets decreased (P = 0.011) urinary UR concentrations. No differences (P> 0.05) in purine derivative excretion or daily MN supply were observed among treatments. The addition of EN or EN + CNSL did not affect (P > 0.05) hot or chilled carcass yields, chilling weight losses, or carcass pH. No differences (P > 0.05) in 12thrib longissimus muscle (LM) area, fat thickness, or color were observed. Fresh LM samples indicated no effects (P > 0.05) of EN or EN + CNSL on NO3¯ concentrations, and NO2¯ in LM samples was not detected. In conclusion, EN could be used as a replacement for UR in the diets of growing lambs with no adverse effects on nutrient digestibility or fresh meat quality.
AB - Nitrate (NO3¯) salts can be used as an alternative to urea in ruminant diets. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of using encapsulated nitrate (EN) alone or combined with cashew nut shell liquid (EN + CNSL) to replace urea (UR) on intake and nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) balance, microbial nitrogen (MN) supply, carcass attributes, and meat quality of growing lambs. Eighteen Santa Inês male lambs (36.2 ± 5 kg of body weight; mean ± SD) were allocated individually to metabolic crates and fed a backgrounding diet with a 60:40 concentrate to forage ratio for 92 days. Lambs were assigned to a randomized complete block design with 6 blocks and 3 experimental diets: UR, 15 g urea/kg dry matter (DM); EN replacing UR at 45.1 g/kg DM; and EN + CNSL replacing UR at 45.1 g/kg DM. After finishing the digestibility and N balance trials, all lambs were fasted for 18 h, weighed, and then slaughtered. The dry matter intake (DMI) and nutrient digestibility were similar (P > 0.05) among treatments. The addition of EN or EN + CNSL tended to increase urinary NO3¯ excretion (P = 0.056) and NO2¯ excretion (P < 0.001). Compared to the UR diet, lambs fed EN or EN + CNSL diets decreased (P = 0.011) urinary UR concentrations. No differences (P> 0.05) in purine derivative excretion or daily MN supply were observed among treatments. The addition of EN or EN + CNSL did not affect (P > 0.05) hot or chilled carcass yields, chilling weight losses, or carcass pH. No differences (P > 0.05) in 12thrib longissimus muscle (LM) area, fat thickness, or color were observed. Fresh LM samples indicated no effects (P > 0.05) of EN or EN + CNSL on NO3¯ concentrations, and NO2¯ in LM samples was not detected. In conclusion, EN could be used as a replacement for UR in the diets of growing lambs with no adverse effects on nutrient digestibility or fresh meat quality.
KW - Carcass attributes
KW - Digestibility
KW - Encapsulated nitrate
KW - Growing lambs
KW - Nitrogen utilization
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U2 - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114515
DO - 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114515
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85084836477
SN - 0377-8401
VL - 266
JO - Animal Feed Science and Technology
JF - Animal Feed Science and Technology
M1 - 114515
ER -