TY - JOUR
T1 - Drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in an area of seasonal transmission
AU - Babiker, Hamza A.
AU - Satti, Gwiria
AU - Ferguson, Heather
AU - Bayoumi, Riad
AU - Walliker, David
PY - 2005/6
Y1 - 2005/6
N2 - Eastern Sudan lies at the edge of the malaria endemicity stratum, where transmission intensity is low and seasonal. The main malaria parasite in the region, Plasmodium falciparum, survives the long dry and transmission-free season as asymptomatic sub-patent infections, and resurges following annual rains. The short-lived annual transmission in this area precipitates cyclical malaria epidemics among the semi-immune inhabitants who resort to excessive anti-malarial drugs usage at this time of the year. Chloroquine resistance (CQR) first emerged in this area in the mid 1980s; however, subsequent surveys demonstrated that the rate of parasitological failure to CQ remained stable over a period of 8 years (1986-1993). Nevertheless, the CQR level varied between years in association with the amount of annual rain. Detailed molecular surveys revealed significant temporal fluctuations in the frequency of resistant P. falciparum genotypes, increasing during the dry season but dwindling at the start of the next transmission season. The pattern of spread of drug resistance in the area is discussed in the context of parasite biology and malaria epidemiology of this region.
AB - Eastern Sudan lies at the edge of the malaria endemicity stratum, where transmission intensity is low and seasonal. The main malaria parasite in the region, Plasmodium falciparum, survives the long dry and transmission-free season as asymptomatic sub-patent infections, and resurges following annual rains. The short-lived annual transmission in this area precipitates cyclical malaria epidemics among the semi-immune inhabitants who resort to excessive anti-malarial drugs usage at this time of the year. Chloroquine resistance (CQR) first emerged in this area in the mid 1980s; however, subsequent surveys demonstrated that the rate of parasitological failure to CQ remained stable over a period of 8 years (1986-1993). Nevertheless, the CQR level varied between years in association with the amount of annual rain. Detailed molecular surveys revealed significant temporal fluctuations in the frequency of resistant P. falciparum genotypes, increasing during the dry season but dwindling at the start of the next transmission season. The pattern of spread of drug resistance in the area is discussed in the context of parasite biology and malaria epidemiology of this region.
KW - Chloroquine resistance
KW - Fitness cost
KW - Genetic diversity
KW - Plasmodium falciparum
KW - Seasonal transmission
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U2 - 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.04.007
DO - 10.1016/j.actatropica.2005.04.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 15857801
AN - SCOPUS:19344375700
SN - 0001-706X
VL - 94
SP - 260
EP - 268
JO - Acta Tropica
JF - Acta Tropica
IS - 3 SPEC. ISS.
ER -