TY - JOUR
T1 - Drought Stress in Wheat during Flowering and Grain-filling Periods
AU - Farooq, Muhammad
AU - Hussain, Mubshar
AU - Siddique, Kadambot H.M.
N1 - Funding Information:
M. Farooq thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for support that made his visit to Germany possible.
PY - 2014/7
Y1 - 2014/7
N2 - Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat productivity worldwide. Global climate models predict changed precipitation patterns with frequent episodes of drought. Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grain-filling phases (terminal drought) and results in substantial yield losses. The severity and duration of the stress determine the extent of the yield loss. The principal reasons for these losses are reduced rates of net photosynthesis owing to metabolic limitations-oxidative damage to chloroplasts and stomatal closure-and poor grain set and development. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of terminal drought is critical for improving drought resistance in wheat, with marker-assisted selection being increasingly employed in breeding for this resistance. The limited success of molecular breeding and physiological strategies suggests a more holistic approach, including interaction of drought with other stresses and plant morphology. Furthermore, integration of physiological traits, genetic and genomic tools, and transgenic approaches may also help to improve resistance against drought in wheat. In this review, we describe the influence of terminal drought on leaf senescence, carbon fixation, grain set and development, and explain drought resistance mechanisms. In addition, recent developments in integrated approaches such as breeding, genetics, genomics, and agronomic strategies for improving resistance against terminal drought in wheat are discussed.
AB - Drought is a major environmental stress threatening wheat productivity worldwide. Global climate models predict changed precipitation patterns with frequent episodes of drought. Although drought impedes wheat performance at all growth stages, it is more critical during the flowering and grain-filling phases (terminal drought) and results in substantial yield losses. The severity and duration of the stress determine the extent of the yield loss. The principal reasons for these losses are reduced rates of net photosynthesis owing to metabolic limitations-oxidative damage to chloroplasts and stomatal closure-and poor grain set and development. A comprehensive understanding of the impact of terminal drought is critical for improving drought resistance in wheat, with marker-assisted selection being increasingly employed in breeding for this resistance. The limited success of molecular breeding and physiological strategies suggests a more holistic approach, including interaction of drought with other stresses and plant morphology. Furthermore, integration of physiological traits, genetic and genomic tools, and transgenic approaches may also help to improve resistance against drought in wheat. In this review, we describe the influence of terminal drought on leaf senescence, carbon fixation, grain set and development, and explain drought resistance mechanisms. In addition, recent developments in integrated approaches such as breeding, genetics, genomics, and agronomic strategies for improving resistance against terminal drought in wheat are discussed.
KW - assimilate translocation
KW - breeding
KW - genetic engineering
KW - grain filling
KW - photosynthesis
KW - terminal drought
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U2 - 10.1080/07352689.2014.875291
DO - 10.1080/07352689.2014.875291
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:84900864832
SN - 0735-2689
VL - 33
SP - 331
EP - 349
JO - Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
JF - Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
IS - 4
ER -