TY - JOUR
T1 - Doubly orthogonal wavelet packets for multi-users indoor visible light communication systems
AU - Khalid, Arslan
AU - Asif, Hafiz Muhammad
AU - Kostromitin, Konstantin I.
AU - Al-Otaibi, Sattam
AU - Huq, Kazi Mohammed Saidul
AU - Rodriguez, Jonathan
N1 - Funding Information:
This research received no external funding. The authors would highly gratitude to the University of Lahore and Taif University for providing us the physical resources required to accomplish the experiments and writing of this manuscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a data communication technology that modulates the intensity of the light to transmit the information mostly by means of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The data rate is mainly throttled by the limited bandwidth of the LEDs. To combat, Multi-carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is a favorable technique for achieving higher data rates along with reduced Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and easy access to multi-users at the cost of slightly reduced compromised spectral efficiency and Multiple Access Interference (MAI). In this article, a multi-user VLC system is designed using a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) that eradicates the use of cyclic prefix due to the good orthogonality and time-frequency localization properties of wavelets. Moreover, the design also comprises suitable signature codes, which are generated by employing double orthogonality depending uponWalsh codes and Wavelet Packets. The proposed multi-user system is simulated in MATLAB software and its overall performance is assessed using line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) configurations. Furthermore, two sub-optimum multi-users detection schemes such as zero forcing (ZF) and minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) are also used at the receiver. The simulated results illustrate that the doubly orthogonal signature waveform-based DWT-MC-CDMA with MMSE detection scheme outperforms the Walsh code-based multi-user system.
AB - Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a data communication technology that modulates the intensity of the light to transmit the information mostly by means of Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). The data rate is mainly throttled by the limited bandwidth of the LEDs. To combat, Multi-carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is a favorable technique for achieving higher data rates along with reduced Inter-Symbol Interference (ISI) and easy access to multi-users at the cost of slightly reduced compromised spectral efficiency and Multiple Access Interference (MAI). In this article, a multi-user VLC system is designed using a Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) that eradicates the use of cyclic prefix due to the good orthogonality and time-frequency localization properties of wavelets. Moreover, the design also comprises suitable signature codes, which are generated by employing double orthogonality depending uponWalsh codes and Wavelet Packets. The proposed multi-user system is simulated in MATLAB software and its overall performance is assessed using line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) configurations. Furthermore, two sub-optimum multi-users detection schemes such as zero forcing (ZF) and minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) are also used at the receiver. The simulated results illustrate that the doubly orthogonal signature waveform-based DWT-MC-CDMA with MMSE detection scheme outperforms the Walsh code-based multi-user system.
KW - Discrete wavelet transform (DWT)
KW - Doubly orthogonal wavelet packets (DOWP)
KW - LED
KW - Line-of-sight (LoS)
KW - Minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE)
KW - Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA)
KW - Multiple access interference (MAI)
KW - Non-line-of-sight (NLoS)
KW - Photo-diode (PD)
KW - Visible light communication (VLC)
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85071586119&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85071586119&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/photonics6030085
DO - 10.3390/photonics6030085
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85071586119
SN - 2304-6732
VL - 6
JO - Photonics
JF - Photonics
IS - 3
M1 - 85
ER -