TY - JOUR
T1 - Cytokine profile of sickle cell disease in Oman
AU - Pathare, Anil
AU - Al Kindi, Salam
AU - Alnaqdy, Adel Alwan
AU - Daar, Shahina
AU - Knox-Macaulay, Huxley
AU - Dennison, David
PY - 2004/12
Y1 - 2004/12
N2 - The aim of our study was to assess the cytokine profile of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in steady state and in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). VOC has a complex nature, involving interactions between sickle red blood cells (RBC), the endothelium, and leucocytes. Endothelial damage due to recurrent adhesion of sickle RBCs may disrupt endothelial function, leading to altered cytokine release. It is therefore pertinent to study the cytokine profile of SCD patients in steady state and in crisis prior to exploring its contribution to vaso-occlusive manifestations, since it is believed that an altered balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in painful crisis. Cytokines including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured by commercially available ELISA kits in SCD patients (n = 60); in steady state (n = 26) and in painful crisis (n = 34) and compared with nonanemic age- and sex-matched normal Omani controls (n = 20). SCD patients in crisis showed elevated levels of TNF-α (P < 0.092) and IL-6 (P < 0.024) when compared with steady state. It was also observed that SCD patients in steady state showed a significant elevation in IL-1β (P < 0.04), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), and IFN-α (P < 0.02) as compared to normal subjects. It is thus evident that both type I and type II cytokines are significantly altered in SCD patients. In steady state, type II proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, whereas in crisis, an additional augmentation of type I cytokines occurs, with persistent elevation of type II cytokines, emphasizing the role of perturbed endothelium and activated monocytes in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell crisis.
AB - The aim of our study was to assess the cytokine profile of sickle cell disease (SCD) patients in steady state and in vaso-occlusive crisis (VOC). VOC has a complex nature, involving interactions between sickle red blood cells (RBC), the endothelium, and leucocytes. Endothelial damage due to recurrent adhesion of sickle RBCs may disrupt endothelial function, leading to altered cytokine release. It is therefore pertinent to study the cytokine profile of SCD patients in steady state and in crisis prior to exploring its contribution to vaso-occlusive manifestations, since it is believed that an altered balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines plays an important role in painful crisis. Cytokines including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and IFN-γ were measured by commercially available ELISA kits in SCD patients (n = 60); in steady state (n = 26) and in painful crisis (n = 34) and compared with nonanemic age- and sex-matched normal Omani controls (n = 20). SCD patients in crisis showed elevated levels of TNF-α (P < 0.092) and IL-6 (P < 0.024) when compared with steady state. It was also observed that SCD patients in steady state showed a significant elevation in IL-1β (P < 0.04), IL-6 (P < 0.0001), and IFN-α (P < 0.02) as compared to normal subjects. It is thus evident that both type I and type II cytokines are significantly altered in SCD patients. In steady state, type II proinflammatory cytokines are elevated, whereas in crisis, an additional augmentation of type I cytokines occurs, with persistent elevation of type II cytokines, emphasizing the role of perturbed endothelium and activated monocytes in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusion in sickle cell crisis.
KW - Cytokines
KW - Sickle cell disease
KW - Vaso-occlusive crisis
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U2 - 10.1002/ajh.20196
DO - 10.1002/ajh.20196
M3 - Article
C2 - 15551290
AN - SCOPUS:9644274201
SN - 0361-8609
VL - 77
SP - 323
EP - 328
JO - American Journal of Hematology
JF - American Journal of Hematology
IS - 4
ER -