COVID-19: The Challenges and Opportunities for Water, Air, Agriculture and Energy Sectors: The Challenges and Opportunities for Water, Air, Agriculture and Energy Sectors

Here, we evaluate the COVID-19 associated challenges and opportunities surrounding the water, air, agriculture and energy sectors, the four major elements to sustain life on earth with strong implications on food security and the environment. During this pandemic, significant improvements in the quality of air and water resources have been noted. The tracking of SARS-CoV-2, the etiologic agent of COVID-19, in wastewater allowed wastewater-based epidemiology for this disease. However, the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater and the increased use of antimicrobials for personal hygiene and environmental disinfection can have serious consequences on the environment and public health. Air pollutants and greenhouse gases have been significantly reduced except for ozone that increased due to the decline in NOx. Tackling air pollution is important due to its role in spreading and worsening the COVID-19. Similarly, this pandemic has a strong impact on crop production systems, livestock industry, food supply chain and global food security. The zoonotic nature of this disease could change human interactions with wildlife and companion animals, but clear strategies are needed to safeguard both human health and biodiversity throughout the COVID-19 recovery. Owing to the advantages of renewable energy highlighted during COVID-19, suitable investments should be dedicated to cleaner and sustainable energy infrastructure in revival plans.