TY - JOUR
T1 - Brine disposal from reverse osmosis desalination plants in Oman and the United Arab Emirates
AU - Ahmed, Mushtaque
AU - Shayya, Walid H.
AU - Hoey, David
AU - Al-Handaly, Juma
N1 - Funding Information:
This study was made possible partially through funding from the Middle East Desalination Research Center under contract number 98-R-004. The authors would also like to acknowledget hev aluablea ssistancep rovidedb y the Omani Ministry of Water Resources, the Omani Ministry of Electricity and Water, Oman National Electricity Company, and the UAE Ministry of Water and Electricity.
PY - 2001/2/10
Y1 - 2001/2/10
N2 - Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants are used for supplying potable water to small communities in inland areas of Oman as well as small to large communities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Most of these desalination plants use brackish groundwater as feedwater. The production of brine (also known as concentrate of wastewater) is an integral part of the operation od desalination plants. Ten small-scale desalination plants in the interior parts of Oman and eight RO plants in the coastal areas of the UAE were investigated with regard to their brine disposal methods. The capacity of the Omani plants varied from 50 m3/d to a maximum of 1000 m3/d. The salinity level of wastewater varied from 9.8 to 61.2 dS/m (1 dS/m = 640 mg/L). Various disposal methods were observed. These included lined evaporation ponds, ocean/beach disposal, and unlined small bores. The depth to the water table in the areas of the investigated desalination plants varies from 40 to 80m, while the average distance between feedwater intake and disposal areas was approximately 200 m. In the UAE, the capacities of the investigated plants varied between 950 to 15,000 m3/d. All the UAE plants dispose of their brine in the sea, although some of the plants dispose of their brine in nearby creeks that are linked to the sea. The chemical characteristics of the brine, feedwater, product water, and water from evaporation ponds (or bores) were determined. The presence of other chemicals including iron, copper, zinc, and cleaning agents (such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, and anti-scalants) is likely to pollute the groundwater, if the brine were to reach the underlying aquifers. Under certain conditions, brine from the desalination plants can have useful applications. Potentials for such applications are addressed in this paper.
AB - Reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants are used for supplying potable water to small communities in inland areas of Oman as well as small to large communities in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Most of these desalination plants use brackish groundwater as feedwater. The production of brine (also known as concentrate of wastewater) is an integral part of the operation od desalination plants. Ten small-scale desalination plants in the interior parts of Oman and eight RO plants in the coastal areas of the UAE were investigated with regard to their brine disposal methods. The capacity of the Omani plants varied from 50 m3/d to a maximum of 1000 m3/d. The salinity level of wastewater varied from 9.8 to 61.2 dS/m (1 dS/m = 640 mg/L). Various disposal methods were observed. These included lined evaporation ponds, ocean/beach disposal, and unlined small bores. The depth to the water table in the areas of the investigated desalination plants varies from 40 to 80m, while the average distance between feedwater intake and disposal areas was approximately 200 m. In the UAE, the capacities of the investigated plants varied between 950 to 15,000 m3/d. All the UAE plants dispose of their brine in the sea, although some of the plants dispose of their brine in nearby creeks that are linked to the sea. The chemical characteristics of the brine, feedwater, product water, and water from evaporation ponds (or bores) were determined. The presence of other chemicals including iron, copper, zinc, and cleaning agents (such as hydrochloric acid, sodium hexametaphosphate, and anti-scalants) is likely to pollute the groundwater, if the brine were to reach the underlying aquifers. Under certain conditions, brine from the desalination plants can have useful applications. Potentials for such applications are addressed in this paper.
KW - Brine
KW - Concentrate disposal
KW - Desalination
KW - Evaporation ponds
KW - Oman
KW - Reverse osmosis
KW - UAE
KW - Wastewater
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U2 - 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)80004-7
DO - 10.1016/S0011-9164(01)80004-7
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0035835358
SN - 0011-9164
VL - 133
SP - 135
EP - 147
JO - Desalination
JF - Desalination
IS - 2
ER -