Bioenergy from biofuel residues and wastes

This review includes works published in the general scientific literature during 2013 on the production of bioenergy and biofuel from waste residues generated from bioethanol and biodiesel production with a brief overview of current and emerging feedstocks. A later section of this review summarizes literature on culturing algae for biofuels including bioreactors and open pond cultivation systems with the utilization of inorganic and organic sources of nutrients. New methods applicable to the mass culture of algae are highlighted. Algal cell harvesting and oil extraction techniques tested and developed for algae are also discussed.