A combination of range-adjusted measure, cross-efficiency and assurance region for assessing sustainability of suppliers in the presence of undesirable factors

Assessing sustainability of suppliers and selecting the most sustainable supplier are the most important activities in sustainable supply chain management (SSCM). Data envelopment analysis (DEA) is frequently used to select suppliers. We extend range adjusted measure (RAM) model as one of the DEA models. We mix different models of RAM as well as cross-efficiency and assurance region methods when undesirable factors exist. Our model does not give zero results. This helps to incorporate all inputs and outputs in evaluating sustainability of suppliers. A real case study is provided.